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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
- Serotype
Two serotypes 1a and 1b with antigens 2a and 2b on surface,...
- Mesenteric Lymph Nodes
Structure Mesenteric lymph nodes. The mesenteric lymph nodes...
- History
History of typhoid fever. In 2000, typhoid fever caused an...
- Serotype
- Overview
- Symptoms
- Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Disease Burden
- Treatment
- Prevention
- Who Response
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi. It is usually spread through contaminated food or water. Once Salmonella Typhi bacteria are ingested, they multiply and spread into the bloodstream. Urbanization and climate change have the potential to increase the global burden of typhoid. In addition, increas...
Salmonella Typhi lives only in humans. Persons with typhoid fever carry the bacteria in their bloodstream and intestinal tract. Symptoms include prolonged high fever, fatigue, headache, nausea, abdominal pain, and constipation or diarrhoea. Some patients may have a rash. Severe cases may lead to serious complications or even death. Typhoid fever ca...
Improved living conditions and the introduction of antibiotics resulted in a drastic reduction of typhoid fever morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. However, the disease continues to be a public health problem in many developing areas of the WHO African, Eastern Mediterranean, South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions. As of 2019 ...
Typhoid fever can be treated with antibiotics. Antimicrobial resistance is common with likelihood of more complicated and expensive treatment options required in the most affected regions. Even when the symptoms go away, people may still be carrying typhoid bacteria, meaning they can spread it to others, through shedding of bacteria in their faeces...
Typhoid fever is common in places with poor sanitation and a lack of safe drinking water. Access to safe water and adequate sanitation, hygiene among food handlers and typhoid vaccination are all effective in preventing typhoid fever. Typhoid conjugate vaccine, consisting of the purified Vi antigen linked to a carrier protein, is given as a single ...
In October 2017, the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE), which advises WHO on vaccine use, issued a recommendation for the typhoid conjugate vaccine to be added to routine childhood immunization programmes in typhoid endemic countries. SAGE also called for the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccine to be prioritized for c...
Jan 28, 2023 · Symptoms include: High fever. Headache. Stomach pain. Constipation or diarrhea. Most people who have typhoid fever feel better about a week after they start treatment to kill bacteria, called antibiotics. But without treatment, there is a small chance of death from typhoid fever complications.
Apr 19, 2024 · Typhoid fever, acute infectious disease caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. The bacterium usually enters the body via ingestion of contaminated food or water. Most major epidemics have been linked to contaminated public water supplies. Learn more about the symptoms and treatment of typhoid fever.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
History of typhoid fever. In 2000, typhoid fever caused an estimated 21.7 million illnesses and 217,000 deaths. [1] It occurs most often in children and young adults between 5 and 19 years old. [2] In 2013, it resulted in about 161,000 deaths – down from 181,000 in 1990. [3] Infants, children, and adolescents in south-central and Southeast ...
Sep 7, 2022 · Typhoid fever is an illness caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi ( S. Typhi). It infects your small intestines (gut) and causes high fever, stomach pain and other symptoms. Typhoid fever is also called enteric fever. You’ll commonly hear paratyphoid fever mentioned along with typhoid. Paratyphoid fever is similar to typhoid with more mild ...
Typhoid fever is a serious infection caused by bacteria. In the U.S., most cases are in people who get the disease while traveling in other countries. Symptoms include a high fever, weakness, belly pains, headache, and loss of appetite. Sometimes, a rash of flat, rose-colored spots may appear. Antibiotics are often used to treat the disease.
