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Expectation–maximization algorithm. In statistics, an expectation–maximization ( EM) algorithm is an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of parameters in statistical models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. [1] The EM iteration alternates between performing an ...
Okapi BM25. In information retrieval, Okapi BM25 ( BM is an abbreviation of best matching) is a ranking function used by search engines to estimate the relevance of documents to a given search query. It is based on the probabilistic retrieval framework developed in the 1970s and 1980s by Stephen E. Robertson, Karen Spärck Jones, and others.
In a generalization to qubits, known as the Deutsch–Jozsa algorithm, a single query on a quantum computer can find a result that would require up to the of order queries on a classical computer. Similar fragmentary results show promise of possible exponential gains in computational power using a quantum machine. References.
The spaghetti can be sorted by removing them from the bundle on the table in the order they stick out. Spaghetti sort is a linear-time, analog algorithm for sorting a sequence of items, introduced by A. K. Dewdney in his Scientific American column. [1] [2] [3] This algorithm sorts a sequence of items requiring O ( n) stack space in a stable manner.
Machine learningand data mining. Q-learning is a model-free reinforcement learning algorithm to learn the value of an action in a particular state. It does not require a model of the environment (hence "model-free"), and it can handle problems with stochastic transitions and rewards without requiring adaptations. [1]
In computer science, the shunting yard algorithm is a method for parsing arithmetical or logical expressions, or a combination of both, specified in infix notation. It can produce either a postfix notation string, also known as Reverse Polish notation (RPN), or an abstract syntax tree (AST). [1] The algorithm was invented by Edsger Dijkstra and ...
In computer science and operations research, a genetic algorithm ( GA) is a metaheuristic inspired by the process of natural selection that belongs to the larger class of evolutionary algorithms (EA). Genetic algorithms are commonly used to generate high-quality solutions to optimization and search problems by relying on biologically inspired ...
