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A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader, such as a president, rather than by a monarch.
A constitutional republic is a state where the chief executive and representatives are elected, and the rules are set down in a written constitution. The head of state (president) and other representatives are elected but they do not have uncontrolled power.
A federal republic is a federation of a lot of states, with an republican form of central governments. It differs from a unitary state in that in a federal republic, the authorities of the state governments cannot be taken back by the central governments.
