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In the contemporary world, textiles satisfy the material needs for versatile applications, from simple daily clothing to bulletproof jackets, spacesuits, and doctor's gowns. [3] [5] [4] Textiles are divided into two groups: consumer textiles for domestic purposes and technical textiles.
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- Overview
- Early fabrics
- Textiles in the Middle Ages
- Textile industries of France and Germany
- Textile manufacture in England
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textile, any filament, fibre, or yarn that can be made into fabric or cloth, and the resulting material itself.
The term is derived from the Latin textilis and the French texere, meaning “to weave,” and it originally referred only to woven fabrics. It has, however, come to include fabrics produced by other methods. Thus, threads, cords, ropes, braids, lace, embroidery, nets, and fabrics made by weaving, knitting, bonding, felting, or tufting are textiles. Some definitions of the term textile would also include those products obtained by the papermaking principle that have many of the properties associated with conventional fabrics.
Many fabrics produced by the simple early weaving procedures are of striking beauty and sophistication. Design and art forms are of great interest, and the range of patterns and colours is wide, with patterns produced in different parts of the world showing distinctive local features.
Yarns and cloth were dyed and printed from very early times. Specimens of dyed fabrics have been found in Roman ruins of the 2nd century bce; tie-and-dye effects decorated the silks of China in the Tang dynasty (618–907 ce); and there is evidence of production of printed textiles in India during the 4th century bce. Textiles found in Egypt also indicate a highly developed weaving craft by the 4th century ce, with many tapestries made from linen and wool. Persian textiles of very ancient origin include materials ranging from simple fabrics to luxurious carpets and tapestries.
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By the early Middle Ages certain Turkish tribes were skilled in the manufacture of carpets, felted cloths, towels, and rugs. In Mughal India (16th–18th century), and perhaps earlier, the fine muslins produced at Dhaka in Bengal were sometimes printed or painted. Despite the Muslim prohibition against representation of living things, richly patterned fabrics were made in Islamic lands.
In Sicily after the Arab conquest in 827 ce, beautiful fabrics were produced in the palace workshops at Palermo. About 1130, skilled weavers who came to Palermo from Greece and Turkey produced elaborate fabrics of silk interlaced with gold.
French manufacture of woven silks began in 1480, and in 1520 Francis I brought Italian and Flemish weavers to Fontainebleau to produce tapestry under the direction of the king’s weaver. Others were brought to weave silk in Lyon, eventually the centre of European silk manufacture. Until 1589 most of the elaborate fabrics in France were of Italian origin, but in that year Henry IV founded the royal carpet and tapestry factory at Savonnières. Flemish weavers were brought to France to produce tapestries in workshops set up by Jean Gobelin in the 16th century. By the time of Louis XIII (1610–43), French patterned fabrics showed a distinctive style based on symmetrical ornamental forms, lacelike in effect, perhaps derived from the highly regarded early Italian laces. In 1662 the French government, under Louis XIV, purchased the Gobelin factory in Paris. Rouen also became known for its textiles, with designs influenced by the work of Rouen potters. French textiles continued to advance in style and technique, and under Louis XVI (1774–93) design was refined, with Classical elements intermingled with the earlier floral patterns. The outbreak of the French Revolution in the 1790s interrupted the work of the weavers of Lyon, but the industry soon recovered.
Flanders and its neighbour Artois were early centres of production for luxurious textiles: Arras for silks and velvets; Ghent, Ypres, and Courtrai for linen damasks; and Arras and Brussels for tapestries. The damasks, characterized by heraldic motifs, were especially well known, and linen damasks of very high quality were produced in the 18th century. In Germany, Cologne was an important medieval cloth centre, renowned for orphrey webs (narrow cloths of gold bearing richly embroidered woven inscriptions and figures of saints).
English textiles of the 13th and 14th centuries were mainly of linen and wool, and the trade was influenced by Flemish fullers (finishers) and dyers. Silk was being woven in London and Norwich in 1455, and in 1564 Queen Elizabeth I granted a charter to Dutch and Flemish settlers in Norwich for production of damasks and flowered silks. The revocatio...
Learn about textile, any material that can be made into fabric or cloth, and the history and development of the textile industry. Explore the origins, types, and uses of natural and synthetic fibres, yarns, fabrics, and products.
Central Ohio Medical Textiles providing high quality, customer oriented linen service to healthcare facilities in Ohio surrounding 43215, 43235 and 43220.
Standard Textile offers a range of products for healthcare, hospitality, education, and home markets. Learn about their innovative fiber technology, product design, laundry solutions, and sustainability commitment.
The region’s most reliable textile service partner since 1946. For over 75 years the Miller's team has provided reliable textile services across Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky and Michigan.
The 11,500+ holdings encompass a range of three dimensional objects such as textiles and articles of clothing and accessories for men, women, and children, including national dress costume, from the mid-18th century to contemporary 21st century designers.
Central Ohio Textile Report – Read It Today! Both the U.S. EPA and the United Nations have recognized that textile waste is growing worldwide and poses a global environmental problem. Consumers are buying more clothing than ever before and wearing it fewer times before disposing of it.
