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William Joseph Hardee (October 12, 1815 – November 6, 1873) was a career U.S. Army and Confederate States Army officer. For the U.S. Army, he served in the Second Seminole War and in the Mexican–American War , where he was captured and exchanged.
Learn about the life and career of William J. Hardee, a successful US Army officer who became a lieutenant general in the Confederate army. He fought in several major battles, wrote a influential tactics book, and surrendered to Sherman in 1865.
- Confederate Officer
- “Old Reliable”
- Central Army of Kentucky Commander
- Battle of Shiloh
- Siege of Corinth
- Army of The Mississippi Commander
- Confederate Heartland Campaign
- Lieutenant General
- Battle of Stones River
- Tullahoma Campaign
- GeneratedCaptionsTabForHeroSec
After his home state of Georgia seceded from the Union, Hardee resigned his commission on January 31, 1861 and offered his services to the Confederacy. The Confederate government commissioned Hardee as a colonel and assigned to command Forts Morgan and Gaines at the mouth of Mobile Bay in Alabama.
On June 17, 1861, Confederate officials promoted Hardee to brigadier general. Soon thereafter, they sent him west and charged him with organizing and training troops for the defense of Arkansas’s northern border. Hardee’s propensity for solving difficult problems with limited resources impressed his men, earning him the nickname “Old Reliable.” Har...
From December 4, 1861 through February 23, 1862, Hardee briefly commanded the Central Army of Kentucky. Shortly thereafter, the Confederate War Department sent Hardee’s command to western Tennessee, and merged it into General Albert S. Johnston’s Army of the Mississippi on March 29, just prior to the Battle of Shiloh (April 6-7, 1862).
At the Battle of Shiloh, Hardee received a slight arm wound as he commanded the 3rd Corps of Johnston’s army. During the fighting on the first day, General P. G. T. Beauregard assumed command of the army after Union forces mortally wounded Johnston. On the morning of April 7, to Beauregard’s surprise, Grant, reinforced by Major General Don Carlos B...
After the Confederate defeat at Shiloh, Hardee continued to command the 3rd Corps of the Army of the Mississippi, while Major General Henry Halleck’s Union troops besieged Corinth (April 29 to May 30, 1862). As conditions worsened at Corinth during the Union siege, Hardee supported Beauregard’s decision to evacuate Corinth and to move his forces so...
The Army of the Mississippi reached Tupelo, on June 9, 1862. On June 15, Beauregard informed the Confederate War Department that he was transferring “the command of the forces and of this department to the next officer in rank, General B. Bragg.” Beauregard then traveled to Alabama to recuperate. When President Davis learned that Beauregard had lef...
On August 15, 1862, Bragg issued General Orders, No. 116 (Department No. 2), resuming his command of the Army of the Mississippi. The order also organized the army into two wings and assigned Hardee to command the left wing composed of two divisions. Two weeks later, on August 28, Bragg left Chattanooga, Tennessee with 34,000 soldiers to launch an ...
After withdrawing from Perryville, Bragg fell back to Harrodsburg, Kentucky, where he finally joined forces with Kirby Smith. The combined Confederate army was now comparable in size to Buell’s army. Nevertheless, Bragg lost his enthusiasm for the campaign. The Kentucky recruits that he expected never materialized, and he believed that his supply l...
In November, Bragg established a defensive position along the west fork of Stones River, near Murfreesboro, intent on preventing a Union advance on Chattanooga, Tennessee. On December 26, Major General William S. Rosecrans left Nashville with approximately 44,000 soldiers, prepared to engage Bragg’s army of nearly 38,000 men encamped at Murfreesbor...
After the Confederate defeat at the Battle of Stones River, Bragg deployed his army in a defensive line nearly seventy miles long along the Duck River, north of Tullahoma, Tennessee. He aimed to prevent Rosecrans from capturing the strategically important city of Chattanooga, but Rosecrans continued to push Bragg farther south during the Tullahoma ...
Learn about the life and career of William J. Hardee, a prominent Confederate general in the Western Theater of the Civil War. He also wrote a influential manual of military tactics, Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics, used by both sides.
- Harry Searles
William J. Hardee was a Confederate general in the American Civil War (1861–65) who wrote a popular infantry manual used by both the North and the South. An 1838 graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y., Hardee wrote the popular Rifle and Light Infantry Tactics in 1855.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Jun 21, 2004 · A biography of William J. Hardee, a Confederate lieutenant general and author of a military manual used by both sides in the Civil War. Learn about his life, career, achievements, and death in this article.
Mar 17, 2024 · Learn about the life and career of William J. Hardee, a prominent Confederate corps commander in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Find out his achievements, battles, promotions, and death in this comprehensive biography.
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Jul 12, 2024 · William Joseph Hardee, known as “Old Reliable,” was one of the finest corps commanders in the Confederate army. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he was the first Confederate general sent to Arkansas, where he organized a number of regiments.
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