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  1. Baruch (de) Spinoza (24 November 1632 – 21 February 1677), also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a Dutch philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin.

  2. Jun 29, 2001 · Baruch Spinoza. First published Fri Jun 29, 2001; substantive revision Wed Nov 8, 2023. Bento (in Hebrew, Baruch; in Latin, Benedictus) Spinoza is one of the most important philosophers—and certainly the most radical—of the early modern period. His thought combines a commitment to a number of Cartesian metaphysical and epistemological ...

  3. Jan 29, 2024 · Baruch Spinoza (1632-1677) was a Dutch philosopher who combined rationalism and metaphysics to create a unique system of thought. Spinoza was held up as an atheist philosopher in the 18th century, but...

    • Mark Cartwright
  4. Feb 5, 2024 · Baruch Spinoza and the Art of Thinking in Dangerous Times. The philosopher was a champion of political and intellectual freedom, but he had no interest in being a martyr. Instead, he shows us...

  5. Benedict de Spinoza, Hebrew Baruch Spinoza, (born Nov. 24, 1632, Amsterdam—died Feb. 21, 1677, The Hague), Dutch Jewish philosopher, a major exponent of 17th-century rationalism. His father and grandfather had fled persecution by the Inquisition in Portugal.

  6. May 23, 2018 · Learn about the life and works of Baruch Spinoza, a Jewish rational naturalist and author of a monistic interpretation of reality. Explore his excommunication, his influences, and his contributions to philosophy and religion.

  7. Learn how Spinoza, a Dutch Jewish rationalist philosopher, denied free will but championed freedom in his Ethics and Theological-Political Treatise. Explore his arguments for causal determinism, his concept of God or Nature, and his views on human freedom and moral responsibility.

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