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Letters. The basic Arabic alphabet contains 28 letters. Forms using the Arabic script to write other languages added and removed letters: for example Persian, Ottoman Turkish, Kurdish, Urdu, Sindhi, Azerbaijani, Malay, Acehnese, Banjarese, Javanese, Pashto, Punjabi, Uyghur, Arwi and Arabi Malayalam all have additional letters in their alphabets.
This article contains phonetic transcriptions in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and , see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters. Worldwide use of the Arabic and Perso-Arabic script.
Letter Or Digraph [a]Letter Or Digraph [a]Letter Or Digraph [a]Use & Pronunciationپـ ـپـ ـپ پـ ـپـ ـپ Pe, used to represent the phoneme / p / ...ݐـ ـݐـ ـݐ ݐـ ـݐـ ـݐ used to represent the equivalent of the ...ٻـ ـٻـ ـٻ ٻـ ـٻـ ـٻ B̤ē, used to represent a voiced bilabial ...ڀـ ـڀـ ـڀ ڀـ ـڀـ ـڀ represents an aspirated voiced bilabial ...- See below
- right-to-left script
- Arabic
- Origins
- Pre-Islamic Arabic Inscriptions
- Early Islamic Changes
- Reorganization of The Alphabet
- Abbasid Standardizations
- Adapting The Arabic Alphabet For Other Languages
- Decline in Use by Non-Arabic States
- See Also
- External Links
The Arabic alphabet evolved either from the Nabataean, or (less widely believed) directly from the Syriac.The table below shows changes undergone by the shapes of the letters from the Aramaic original to the Nabataean and Syriac forms. The Arabic script shown is that of post-Classical and Modern Arabic—notably different from 6th century Arabic scri...
The first known recorded text in the Arabic alphabet is known as the Zabad inscription, composed in 512. It is a trilingual dedication in Greek, Syriac and Arabic found at the village of Zabad in northwestern Syria. The version of the Arabic alphabet used includes only 21 letters, of which only 15 are different, being used to note 28 phonemes: Many...
The Arabic alphabet is first attested in its classical form in the 7th century. See PERF 558for the first surviving Islamic Arabic writing. The Quran was transcribed in Kufic script at first, which was then developed along with the Meccan and Medini[ar] scripts, according to Ibn an-Nadim in Al-Fihrist. In the 7th century, probably in the early year...
Less than a century later, Arab grammarians reorganized the alphabet, for reasons of teaching, putting letters next to other letters which were nearly the same shape. This produced a new order which was not the same as the numeric order, which became less important over time because it was being competed with by the Indian numerals and sometimes by...
Arabic script reached a climax in aesthetics and geographic spread under the Abbasid Caliphate. In this period, Ibn al-Bawwab and Ibn Muqla had the most influence on the standardization of Arabic script. They were associated with al-khatt al-mansūb (الخط المنسوب), or "proportioned script."
When the Arabic alphabet spread to countries which used other languages, extra letters had to be invented to spell non-Arabic sounds. Usually the alteration was three dots above or below:- 1. Persian and Urdu and Kurdish: /p/: پ 2. Persian and Urdu and Kurdish: /t͡ʃ/: چ 3. Persian and Urdu and Kurdish: /ɡ/: گ 4. Persian and Urdu: /ʒ/: ژ 5. in Egypt...
Since the early 20th century, as the Ottoman Empire collapsed and European influence increased, many non-Arab Islamic areas began using the Cyrillic or Latin alphabet, and local adaptations of the Arabic alphabet were abandoned. In many cases, the writing of a language in Arabic script has become restricted to classical texts and traditional purpos...
A brief history of the Arabic script with emphasis on diacritical points, vowel markers and alphabet arrangements
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The Arabic alphabet is an abjad that is used to write several languages of the Middle East such as Arabic, Persian, Pashto and Urdu. The script is the third most widely used script in the world, after the Latin and Chinese scripts.
Arabic alphabet, second most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world, originally developed for writing the Arabic language but used for a wide variety of languages. Written right to left, the cursive script consists of 28 consonants. Diacritical marks may be used to write vowels.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Arabic ( اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, al-ʿarabiyyah [al ʕaraˈbijːa] ⓘ or عَرَبِيّ, ʿarabīy [ˈʕarabiː] ⓘ or [ʕaraˈbij]) is a Central Semitic language of the Semitic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. [14] The ISO assigns language codes to 32 varieties of Arabic, including its standard form of Literary ...
The Arabic alphabet is a consonant alphabet with 28 letters, as listed below: ا (alif, pronounced a) ب (ba, pronounced like the English letter ‘b’) ت (ta, pronounced similar to the English letter ‘t’) ث (tha, pronounced like the ‘th’ in ‘bath’) ج (jeem, pronounced like ‘j’) ح (haa, pronounced like a heavy ‘h’ from ...