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Safety is a state that im­plies to be pro­tected from any risk, dan­ger, dam­age or cause of in­jury. In the au­to­mo­tive in­dus­try, safety means that users, op­er­a­tors or man­u­fac­tur­ersdo not face any risk or dan­ger com­ing from the motor ve­hi­cle or its spare parts. Safety for the au­to­mo­biles them­selves, im­plies that there is no risk of dam­age. Safety in the au­to­mo­tive in­dus­try is par­tic­u­larly im­por­tant and there­fore highly reg­u­lated. Au­to­mo­biles and other motor ve­hi­cles have to com­ply with a cer­tain num­ber of reg­u­la­tions, whether local or in­ter­na­tional, in order to be ac­cepted on the mar­ket. The stan­dard ISO 26262, is con­sid­ered as one of the best prac­tice frame­work for achiev­ing au­to­mo­tive func­tional safety. In case of safety is­sues, dan­ger, prod­uct de­fect or faulty pro­ce­dure dur­ing the man­u­fac­tur­ing of the motor ve­hi­cle, the maker can re­quest to re­turn ei­ther a batch or the en­tire pro­duc­tion run. This pro­...

In 2007, there were about 806 mil­lion cars and light trucks on the road, con­sum­ing over 980 bil­lion litres (980,000,000 m3) of gaso­line and diesel fuel yearly. The au­to­mo­bile is a pri­mary mode of trans­porta­tion for many de­vel­oped economies. The De­troit branch of Boston Con­sult­ing Group pre­dicted that, by 2014, one-third of world de­mand would be in the four BRIC mar­kets (Brazil, Rus­sia, India and China). Mean­while, in the de­vel­oped coun­tries, the au­to­mo­tive in­dus­try has slowed. It is also ex­pected that this trend will con­tinue, es­pe­cially as the younger gen­er­a­tions of peo­ple (in highly ur­ban­ized coun­tries) no longer want to own a car any­more, and pre­fer other modes of transport. Other po­ten­tially pow­er­ful au­to­mo­tive mar­kets are Iran and In­done­sia.Emerg­ing au­to­mo­bile mar­kets al­ready buy more cars than es­tab­lished mar­kets. Ac­cord­ing to a J.D. Power study, emerg­ing mar­kets ac­counted for 51 per­cent of the global light-ve­...

By year

[[File:2014 Cars Coun­tries Ex­port Treemap.​png|thumb|up­right=1.35|left|Car ex­ports by coun­try (2014) from Har­vard Atlas of Eco­nomic Com­plex­ity

By country

The OICA counts over 50 coun­tries which as­sem­ble, man­u­fac­ture or dis­sem­i­nate au­to­mo­biles. Of that fig­ure, only 14 coun­tries (bold­facedin the list below) cur­rently pos­sess the ca­pa­bil­ity to de­sign orig­i­nal pro­duc­tion au­to­mo­biles from the ground up.

By manufacturer

These were the 15 largest man­u­fac­tur­ers by pro­duc­tion vol­ume in 2017, ac­cord­ing to OICA.

This is the list of the 15 largest pub­licly-traded car man­u­fac­tur­ers by mar­ket cap­i­tal­i­sa­tion as of 23 Jan­u­ary 2021[update], ac­cord­ing to CompaniesMarketCap.com.

Stake holding

It is com­mon for au­to­mo­bile man­u­fac­tur­ers to hold stakes in other au­to­mo­bile man­u­fac­tur­ers. These own­er­ships can be ex­plored under the de­tail for the in­di­vid­ual com­pa­nies. No­table cur­rent re­la­tion­ships include:[citation needed] 1. Daihatsu holds a 25% stake in Perodua. 2. Daimler holds a 10.0% stake in KAMAZ. 3. Daimler holds an 89.29% stake in Mitsubishi Fuso Truck and Bus Corporation. 4. Daimler holds a 3.1% in the Renault-Nissan Alliance, while Renault-Nissan A...

^a These fig­ures were be­fore the merger of both Fiat Chrysler Au­to­mo­biles and Groupe PSA; the lat­ter of which has merged into Stel­lan­tisas of Jan­u­ary 2021.

By the end of World War II, most of the auto factories had been destroyed or badly damaged. Germany needed debt relief. The London Agreement on German External Debts of 1953 provided that repayments were only due while West Germany ran a trade surplus, and that repayments were limited to 3% of export earnings. This gave Germany’s creditors a powerful incentive to import German goods, assisting reconstruction of the Car Industry. In addition, the eastern part of Germany was under control of the Soviet Union, which dismantled much of the machinery that was left and sent it back to the Soviet Union as war reparations. Some manufacturers, such as Maybach and Adler (automobile), started up again, but did not continue making passenger cars. The Volkswagen production facility in Wolfsburg continued making the Volkswagen Beetle (Type 1) in 1945, a car which it had intended to make prior to the war (under the name of KdF-Wagen), except that the factory was converted to military truck product...

Volkswagen was faced with major financial difficulties in the early 1970s; with its aging Beetle still selling strongly all over the world but its newer models had been less successful. However, the company then enjoyed a revival with the arrival of the popular Passat in 1973, Golf in 1974 and Polo in 1975 - all of these cars featured the new front-wheel drive hatchback layout which was enjoying a rise in popularity across Europe after first being patented by Renault of France with the R16 in 1965. The Polo was Volkswagen's new entry-level model, and was aimed directly at modern small hatchbacks like the Fiat 127 and Renault 5. The mid-range Golf was seen as the car to eventually replace the Beetle, and was easily the first popular hatchback of this size in Europe, leading to most leading carmakers having a similar-sized hatchback by the early 1980s. Production of the Beetle finished in Germany in 1978, although it continued to be produced in Mexico and Brazil until 2003, with a sma...

The final version of the Opel Kadett was voted European Car of the Year on its launch in 1984, as was the Opel Rekord's successor – the Omega – two years afterwards. The Ascona's successor, the Vectra (still the Vauxhall Cavalier in Britain), was launched in 1988, but missed out of the European Car of the Year accolade to the Fiat Tipo. With the radical changes in car design that took place throughout the 1970s and into the 1980s, Ford responded by substantially altering its model line-up. After launching the Fiesta supermini in 1976, it switched to front-wheel drive and a hatchback on the MK3 Escort on its launch in 1980, and opted to replace the Taunus/Cortina with the Sierra in 1982 - abandoning the hugely popular saloon format for an aerodynamic hatchback, although a saloon version was added in 1987. In 1983, Ford had also responded to the continuing demand for family saloons by launching the Orion, the saloon version of the Escort. The Scorpio replaced the Granada as Ford's Eur...

BMW acquired the British Rover Group in 1994, but large losses led to its sale in 2000. However, BMW retained the Mini (marque) name for a line of new cars, all built in Britain from 2001. During the 1990s, BMW opened a production facility for SUVs in Spartanburg County, South Carolina. BMW also acquired the Rolls-Royce Motor Cars name, effective as of 2003, and in the same year established a joint venture in China named BMW Brilliance. Daimler-Benz entered into what was initially called a "merger of equals" with Chrysler Corporation in 1998. However, cultural differences and operating losses led to its dissolution in 2007, although Daimler-Benz kept Chrysler's Chinese joint venture, renamed Beijing Benz. The company also launched the Smart in 1998 and relaunched the Maybach brand in 2002. In addition, during the 1990s they opened a production facility for SUVs in Tuscaloosa County, Alabama. On 5 July 2012, Volkswagen AG announced a deal with Porsche resulting in VW's full ownership...

China has its traditional “Big four” state-owned domestic car manufacturers: Shanghai General Motors (in partnership with GM), Dongfeng, FAW, and Chang’an. BAICfrequently challenge Chang'an as the fourth largest automaker. Guangzhou Automotive is also state-owned. Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation (上海汽车集团股份有限公司), also known as SAIC (上汽) and SAIC-GM (上汽通用), is a Chinese state-owned automotive manufacturing company headquartered in Shanghai. The company had the largest production volume of any Chinese automaker in 2017, making more than 6.9 million vehicles. SAIC sells vehicles under a variety of brands. Brand names that are exclusive to SAIC include Maxus, MG, Roewe, and Yuejin. Products produced by SAIC joint venture companies are sold under marques including Baojun, Buick, Chevrolet, Iveco, Škoda, Volkswagen, and Wuling. Dongfeng Motor Corporation (东风汽车公司, abbreviated to 东风) is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Wuhan. The company was the second-l...

China's automobile industry had mainly Soviet origins (plants and licensed auto design were founded in the 1950s, with the help of the USSR) and had small volumes for the first 30 years of the republic, not exceeding 100–200 thousands per year. Since the early 1990s, it has developed rapidly. China's annual automobile production capacity first exceeded one million in 1992. By 2000, China was producing over two million vehicles. After China's entry into the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, the development of the automobile market accelerated further. Between 2002 and 2007, China's national automobile market grew by an average 21 percent, or one million vehicles year-on-year. In 2009, China produced 13.79 million automobiles, of which 8 million were passenger cars and 3.41 million were commercial vehicles and surpassed the United States as the world's largest automobile producer by volume. In 2010, both sales and production topped 18 million units, with 13.76 million passenger...

Copying claims controversy

Several Chinese car makers have been accused of copying designs of other companies.

Threats to disclose industry secrets

The Wall Street Journal reported that the government of China will be forcing foreign carmakers to disclose their electric vehicletechnology secrets before the vehicles are allowed to be sold in China. The current Chinese automotive policy states that a foreign carmaker must form a joint-venture with a Chinese carmaker if the former plans to sell its electric vehicles there, with the Chinese carmaker owning 51% of the joint venture. Due to this supposed threat by the Chinese government, Toyot...

China had a total of 6,322 automotive enterprises as of the end of November 2006.[citation needed] The total output value of the automotive sector for the first three quarters of 2006 was US$143 billion.[citation needed]As incomes increase the high annual growth rate of private ownership is expected to accelerate.

The Russian automotive industry can be divided into four types of companies: local brand producers, foreign OEMs, joint ventures and Russian companies producing foreign brands.In 2008, there were 5,445 companies manufacturing vehicles and related equipment in Russia. The volume of production and sales amounted to 1,513 billion rubles. Cars with diesel engines are not popular in Russia, accounting for just 7.6% of all sales as of 2015, compared to half of the market in much of Western Europe. There are 145,000 natural gas vehicles in Russia as of 2016, or 0.3% of all vehicles in the country. The sale of leaded gasolinewas outlawed in 2003.

Russia's automotive industry is a significant economic sector. It directly employs 600,000 people and supports around 2–3 million people in related industries. It is politically a very important part of the country's economy: firstly, due to the large number of employed people and secondly, because many citizens depend on the social services provided by automotive companies. For example, the well-being of the giant AvtoVAZ factory in Tolyatti is massively important to the city or to the region of Samara Oblast. Tolyatti is a typical monotown, a city whose economy is dependent on a single company. The factory employed around 100,000 people of the city's population of 700,000 in 2009.[citation needed] In 2009, former President Dmitry Medvedev launched the Medvedev modernisation programme, which aims to diversify Russia's raw materials and energy-dominated economy, turning it into a modern high-tech economy based on innovation. Following this, Russia's automotive industry has been in t...

Saint Petersburg and Leningrad Oblast

1. Hyundai: established in 2010, produced over 200,000 vehicles in 2016.As of 2016 the plant is the second largest in Russia, and employs 2,200 workers. 2. Nissan: started production in June 2009,produced 33,600 vehicles in 2015. 3. Toyota: manufactured 39,000 vehicles in 2016. Toyota Motor Manufacturing Russia (TMMR), 224-ha factory in Shusharylaid down in 2005 and launched production on 21 December 2007. In 2007 it produced 20,000 2.4L and 3.5L Toyota Camry vehicles per year. 4. General Mot...

Kaluga

1. Volkswagen: started production in November 2007, produced 110,000 cars in 2016. A 200 m2 facility with a projected full annual output capacity of 150,000 vehicles, reached during 2010, with employees rising to 3,000. All vehicles produced were initially semi knock downs (SKD), with full production planned to start 2010. Served by Grabtsevo Airport, part of Volkswagen Group Russia (OOO Volkswagen Rus). 2. Peugeot Citroen Mitsubishi Automotive: opened in April 2010,produced 25,733 vehicles i...

Volga Federal District

1. Nizhny Novgorod - GAZ, produced 41,691 vehicles in 2015.The plant also produces Volkswagen and Skoda vehicles due to a partnership between Volkswagen Group Rus and GAZ Group. 2. Tolyatti 2.1. AvtoVAZ,produced 356,602 vehicles in 2015. 2.2. GM-AvtoVAZ, produced 34,218 vehicles in 2015. 3. Izhevsk: IzhAvto (Nissan),produced 72,884 vehicles in 2015. 4. Naberezhnye Chelny: Sollers - Naberezhnye Chelny,produced 10,000 vehicles in 2015. 5. Yelabuga: Ford Sollers,produced 10,300 vehicles in 2015....