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The Internet (or internet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of electronic ...
- Bosanski
Internet jest sistem međusobno povezanih računarskih mreža...
- History of The Internet
The history of the Internet has its origin in the efforts of...
- Video Streaming
Video on demand (VOD) is a media distribution system that...
- Computer Network
A computer network is a set of computers sharing resources...
- Internetworking
Internetworking is the practice of interconnecting multiple...
- Internet Television
IPTV delivers television content using signals based on the...
- World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW or simply the Web) is an information...
- Website
The usap.gov website. A website (also written as a web site)...
- Optical Networking
Optical networking is a means of communication that uses...
- Bosanski
- Background
- 1989–1991: Origins
- 1991–1994: The Web Goes Public, Early Growth
- 1994–2004: Open Standards, Going Global
- 2004–Present: The Web as Platform, Ubiquity
- Historiography
- See Also
- Further Reading
- External Links
The underlying concept of hypertext as a user interface paradigm originated in projects in the 1960s, from research such as the Hypertext Editing System (HES) by Andries van Dam at Brown University, IBM Generalized Markup Language, Ted Nelson's Project Xanadu, and Douglas Engelbart's oN-Line System (NLS).[page needed][non-primary source needed] Bot...
CERN
While working at CERN, Tim Berners-Lee became frustrated with the inefficiencies and difficulties posed by finding information stored on different computers. On 12 March 1989, he submitted a memorandum, titled "Information Management: A Proposal", to the management at CERN. The proposal used the term "web" and was based on "a large hypertext database with typed links". It described a system called "Mesh" that referenced ENQUIRE, the database and software project he had built in 1980, with a m...
Initial launch
In January 1991, the first web servers outside CERN were switched on. On 6 August 1991, Berners-Lee published a short summary of the World Wide Web project on the newsgroup alt.hypertext, inviting collaborators. Paul Kunz from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) visited CERN in September 1991, and was captivated by the Web. He brought the NeXT software back to SLAC, where librarian Louise Addis adapted it for the VM/CMS operating system on the IBM mainframe as a way to host the SPIR...
Early browsers
The WorldWideWeb browser only ran on NeXTSTEP operating system. This shortcoming was discussed in January 1992, and alleviated in April 1992 by the release of Erwise, an application developed at the Helsinki University of Technology, and in May by ViolaWWW, created by Pei-Yuan Wei, which included advanced features such as embedded graphics, scripting, and animation. ViolaWWW was originally an application for HyperCard. Both programs ran on the X Window System for Unix. In 1992, the first test...
From Gopher to the WWW
In the early 1990s, Internet-based projects such as Archie, Gopher, Wide Area Information Servers (WAIS), and the FTP Archive list attempted to create ways to organize distributed data. Gopher was a document browsing system for the Internet, released in 1991 by the University of Minnesota. Invented by Mark P. McCahill, it became the first commonly used hypertext interface to the Internet. While Gopher menu items were examples of hypertext, they were not commonly perceived in that way[clarific...
The rate of web site deployment increased sharply around the world, and fostered development of international standards for protocols and content formatting. Berners-Lee continued to stay involved in guiding web standards, such as the markup languages to compose web pages, and he advocated his vision of a Semantic Web(sometimes known as Web 3.0) ba...
Web 2.0
Web pages were initially conceived as structured documents based upon HTML. They could include images, video, and other content, although the use of media was initially relatively limited and the content was mainly static. By the mid-2000s, new approaches to sharing and exchanging content, such as blogs and RSS, rapidly gained acceptance on the Web. The video-sharing website YouTube launched the concept of user-generated content. As new technologies made it easier to create websites that beha...
Security, censorship and cybercrime
The increasing use of encrypted connections (HTTPS) enabled e-commerce and online banking. Nonetheless, the 2010s saw the emergence of various controversial trends, such as internet censorship and the growth of cybercrime, including web-based cyberattacks and ransomware.
Mobile
Early attempts to allow wireless devices to access the Web used simplified formats such as i-mode and WAP. Apple introduced the first smartphone in 2007 with a full-featured browser. Other companies followed suit and in 2011, smartphone sales overtook PCs. Since 2016, most visitors access websites with mobile devices which led to the adoption of responsive web design. Apple, Mozilla, and Google have taken different approaches to integrating smartphones with modern web apps. Apple initially pr...
Historiography of the Web poses specific challenges including, disposable data, missing links, lost content and archived websites, which have consequences for web historians. Sites such as the Internet Archiveaim to preserve content.
Berners-Lee, Tim; Fischetti, Mark (1999). Weaving the Web : the original design and ultimate destiny of the World Wide Web by its inventor. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-251586-1. OC...Brügger, Niels (2017). Web 25 : histories from the first 25 years of the World Wide Web. New York, NY. ISBN 978-1-4331-3269-8. OCLC 976036138.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (l...Gillies, James; Cailliau, Robert (2000). How the Web was born : the story of the World Wide Web. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-286207-3. OCLC 43377073.Herman, Andrew; Swiss, Thomas (2000). The World Wide Web and contemporary cultural theory. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92501-0. OCLC 44446371."A Little History of the World Wide Web: from 1945 to 1995", Dan Connolly, W3C, 2000- 12 March 1989; 34 years ago
Mar 28, 2024 · Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to interconnect. The Internet emerged in the United States in the 1970s but did not become viable to the general public until the early 1990s.
- What is the Internet?The Internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through the Internet, people can share information and communicate from...
- Who invented the Internet?The Internet consists of technologies developed by different individuals and organizations. Important figures include Robert W. Taylor, who led the...
- How does the Internet work?The Internet works through a series of networks that connect devices around the world through telephone lines. Users are provided access to the Int...
- Is the Internet dangerous?The advent of the Internet has brought into existence new forms of exploitation, such as spam e-mail and malware, and harmful social behaviour, suc...
- What is the Dark Web?The Dark Web refers to a series of Web sites that require special decryption and configuration tools to access. It is most commonly used for purpos...
- Who controls the Internet?While the Internet is theoretically decentralized and thus controlled by no single entity, many argue that tech companies such as Amazon, Facebook,...
- Is the Internet “making us stupid”?Whether the Internet is "making us stupid" is widely debated. Some argue the Internet is reprogramming our brains for the worse, as seen by diminis...
- Is cancel culture (or “callout culture”) good for society?Whether cancel culture is good for society is widely debated. Some argue it allows the public and marginalized people to seek accountability in the...
Learn how the Internet evolved from early research on packet switching and the ARPANET to a global and complex operational infrastructure. This web page covers the technological, social, and commercial aspects of the Internet's history, with references and timeline.
The history of the Internet has its origin in the efforts of scientists and engineers to build and interconnect computer networks. The Internet Protocol Suite, the set of rules used to communicate between networks and devices on the Internet, arose from research and development in the United States and involved international collaboration ...
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