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Parasitism. A fish parasite, the isopod Cymothoa exigua, replacing the tongue of a Lithognathus. Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. [1]
- Cymothoa Exigua
Cymothoa exigua, or the tongue-eating louse, is a parasitic...
- List of Parasites of Humans
brain. culture. unknown, but infection is rare. nasal...
- Human parasite
Human parasites include various protozoa and worms . Human...
- Cymothoa Exigua
- Parasites on Humans
- Biological Context
- Terminology of Parasitism
- Ecology
- Evolution
- Women
- Further Reading
"Humans are hosts to nearly 300 species of parasitic worms and over 70 species of protozoa, some derived from our primate ancestors and some acquired from the animals we have domesticated or come in contact with during our relatively short history on Earth. Our knowledge of parasitic infections extends into antiquity".
When the above definition is applied, many organisms which eat plants can be seen as parasites, because they feed largely or wholly on one individual plant. Examples would include many herbivorous insects: the Hemiptera or true bugs (leafhoppers, froghoppers, aphids, scale insects and whiteflies). The larvae of Lepidoptera usually feed and mature o...
Ectoparasiteslive on the outside of a plant or animal.Endoparasites live inside a plant or animal. Intracellular parasites live inside cells; Intercellularparasites live in the spaces between cells.Parasitoids are organisms whose larval development takes place within another organism's body, resulting in the death of the host. There are twelve Superfamilies of wasps which are entirely or main...A vector is a third party that carries the parasite to the host. Thus, with malaria, the mosquito is the vector, the Plasmodium protozoan is the parasite, and the mammalis the host. The mosquito is...Dispersal and reproduction
Parasites are adapted to small, separated habitats. For a parasite, each host is an island surrounded by a hostile environment. For a small organism, the distances between hosts, or groups of hosts, is a hazard. Adaptationsto bridge this hazard are: 1. Mass production of spores or eggs. 2. Dispersal of fertilefemales. 3. Dispersal by attaching to a larger organism (many ectoparasites). 4. Extreme longevity of resting stages (spores or cysts). For example, plant parasitic nematodesmay remain q...
Parasites are highly specialised
Parasites face an environment which varies in time and space. Consequently, both local (geographic) races and polymorphismoccur. Both may occur in the same species. Parasites are very specialised feeders: many species have only one host at any stage of their life cycle. A few use more than two host species.
Complex life cycles
Many parasites have complex life-cycles. Tremadodes, the flukes, are a parasitic class of flatworms (Platyhelminths), with over 20,000 species. Most of them infect molluscs in the first part of the life-cycle, and vertebrates in the second part. The biology of scrub typhusis even more complex. It involves these factors: 1. 1. The pathogen bacterium Rickettsia. 2. 2. Chiggers, which are ectoparasitic mites. 3. 3. Small mammals, especially rats. 4. 4. Scrubby vegetation with moist conditions 5....
Rapid speciation
Both evolutionary rates and speciation rates can be high. Sibling species are very common in the bug Erythroneura, in which about 150 transfers from one host to another has resulted in about 500 species in the genus. The clearest evidence comes from the large size of many parasitic families. 1. "Even though some parasitic taxa evolved much later than predatory taxa, families of parasites on plants are on average almost eight times larger than those of predators, and families of parasites on a...
Adaptive radiation
Adaptive radiationin parasites is extensive. Its development in each taxon (group) depends on: 1. The diversity of the hosts. How many species there are in the group being parastised, and how different they are from each other. 2. The size of the host target: body size, population, geographical distribution. 3. The evolutionary time available for colonisation of hosts. 4. The selective pressure for evolutionary modification. Diversity of hosts is a big factor. If many related species of host...
More time, more species
One of the reasons large trees have so many parasites is that they may have lived a long time in a particular area compared with other types of plant. They have had longer to accumulate parasites. Parasites can be most useful in sorting out the phylogenetic relationships of their hosts. Sibling host species have been discovered when their parasites diverged. Common ancestors of present-day parasites were themselves parasites of the common ancestors of present-day hosts.
Women have been known by many people as Parasites that make you want to Get rid all of them on the planet Women = literally parasites (no, this isn't satire)
Schmidt-Hempel 2011. Evolutionary parasitism: the integrated study of infections, immunology, ecology, and genetics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-199-22949-X ISBN 978-0-199-22949-9
Parasitic disease. A parasitic disease, also known as parasitosis, is an infectious disease caused by parasites. [citation needed] Parasites are organisms which derive sustenance from its host while causing it harm. [1] The study of parasites and parasitic diseases is known as parasitology. [2] Medical parasitology is concerned with three major ...
- parasitosis, parasitic infection
Parasites. Parasites are organisms that depend on a host to survive and spread. There are three main types of parasites, and their symptoms vary. Treatment depends on the kind of parasite you have but may include prescription medications. Practicing good hygiene, thoroughly cooking meat and drinking clean water helps prevent many parasites.
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. The entomologist E. O. Wilson characterised parasites as "predators that eat prey in units of less than one". Parasites include single-celled protozoans such as the agents of malaria, sleeping ...
