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Pieter Both (1568 – 6 March 1615) was the first Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. Not much is known of his early years. In 1599, Both was already an admiral in the New, or Brabant Company. In that year, he traveled to the East Indies with four ships.
governor-general (1609-1615), Dutch East Indies. Pieter Both (born c. 1550, Amersfoort, Neth.—died February 1615, Mauritius) was a Dutch colonialist who was the first governor-general of the Netherlands East Indies. After sailing as an admiral in the Indies (1599–1601), he was sent in November 1609 to govern the colony, with instructions to ...
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- Early Life and Education
- Parliamentary Career
- State President
- Apartheid Government
- Fall from Power
- Retirement
- Death
- Awards
- Further Reading
Pieter Willem Botha was born on a farm in the Paul Roux district of the Orange Free State Province (now Free State Province), the son of Afrikaner parents. His father, Pieter Willem Botha Sr., fought as a commando against the British in the Second Boer War. His mother, Hendrina Christina Botha (née de Wet), was interned in a British concentration c...
At age 30, Botha was elected head of the National Party Youth in 1946, and two years later was elected to the House of Assembly as representative of George in the southern Cape Province in the general election which saw the beginning of the National Party's 46-year tenure in power. His opponent in the 1948 election was JP Marais from the United Par...
In 1983, Botha proposed a new constitution, which was then put to a vote of the white population. Though it did not implement a federal system as established in 1961, it implemented what was ostensibly a power-sharing agreement with Coloureds and Indians. The new constitution created two new houses of parliament alongside the existing, white-only H...
Botha undertook some changes to apartheid practices, but these were rejected by many as superficial and inadequate. He legalised interracial marriage and miscegenation, both completely banned since the late 1940s. The constitutional prohibition on multiracial political parties was lifted. He also relaxed the Group Areas Act, which barred non-whites...
State President Botha's loss of influence can be directly attributed to decisions taken at the Ronald Reagan/Mikhail Gorbachev summit of the leaders of the US and the Soviet Union in Moscow (29 May – 1 June 1988) that paved the way to resolving the problem of Namibia which, according to foreign minister Pik Botha, was destabilising the region and "...
Botha and his wife Elize retired to their home, Die Anker, in the town of Wilderness, 16 kilometres (9.9 mi) from the city of George and located on the Indian Ocean coast of the Western Cape. Elize died in 1997, and he later married Barbara Robertson, a legal secretary 25 years his junior, on 22 June 1998. Botha remained largely out of sight of the...
Botha died of a heart attack at his home in Wilderness on Tuesday 31 October 2006, aged 90. His death was met with magnanimity by many of his former opponents. Former President Nelson Mandela was reported as saying "while to many Mr. Botha will remain a symbol of apartheid, we also remember him for the steps he took to pave the way towards the even...
Taiwan: Order of Propitious Cloudswith Special Grand Cordon (1980)"Fighter and Reformer: Extracts from the Speeches of P. W. Botha", Compiled by J.J.J. Scholtz, Published: Bureau for Information, Pretoria, 1989Pieter Both (Amersfoort, 1568 – Mauritius, 6 maart 1615) was in 1609 de eerste gouverneur-generaal van Nederlands-Indië en leidde de negende expeditie naar de Oost, in dienst van een voorcompagnie.
Pieter Both is a mountain located in the beautiful village of La Laura and Malenga. These two villages are famous for their peaceful atmosphere, surrounded by flowers, vegetables, and mountains. At the beginning of the 1850s, a sugar mill was established in La Laura. It was known as Pieter Both or Chateau Tremblant.
Pieter Both, sometimes referred to as Peter Botte Mountain, is the second highest mountain of Mauritius, at 820 metres (2,690 ft) tall. The mountain is slightly shorter than Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire by eight metres. It is named after Pieter Both, the first Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.
