- The Torlakian dialects are intermediate between the Eastern and Western branches of South Slavic dialect continuum, and have been variously described, in whole or in parts, as belonging to either group. In the 19th century, they were often called Bulgarian, but their classification was hotly contested between Serbian and Bulgarian writers.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torlakian_dialect
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In some Torlakian dialects: Distinction between the plural of masculine, feminine and neuter adjectives is preserved only in Western (S.C. beli,... The proto-Slavic *tj, *dj which gave respectively ć, đ in Serbo-Croatian, št, žd in Bulgarian and ќ, ѓ in Macedonian, is...
- (undated figure of ca. 1.5 million)
- Serbia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Romania
- Indo-European, Balto-SlavicSlavicSouth SlavicEastern (?)Torlakian
- Cyrillic, Latin
The Torlakian dialect as traditionally spoken in many parts now remains only in spirit, old untranslated stories, other folklore, poems, songs, the occasional slang expression, often beyond the comprehension of the user. So, the modern Serbian langauge is largely based on the Vuk Karadzic reforms of the early 19th century.
In Macedonian dialectology, the Torlakian varieties spoken on Macedonian territory (Kumanovo, Kratovo and Kriva Palanka dialects) are classified as part of a North-Eastern group of Macedonian dialects. The Torlakian dialects, together with Bulgarian and Macedonian, display many properties of the Balkan linguistic area, a set of structural convergence features shared also with other languages of the Balkans such as Albanian and Aromanian.
The official language derives most often from the northeastern group of dialects nominally based on Veliko Tarnovo dialect. Many Western South Slavic lexical, morphological and phonological isoglosses are present in all Western Bulgarian dialects and rarer in Rup dialects, which peak in Torlakian.
Related to the neighbouring Torlakian dialect varieties spoken in the Prizren–South Morava area to the northeast, also spoken in the southern half of Kosovo and in southeastern Serbia, as well as to the northernmost dialects of North Macedonia.
- 60,000 (2011 census)
- Indo-European, Balto-SlavicSlavicSouth SlavicEastern South SlavicTorlakianGorani language
Chakavian or Čakavian (/ tʃ æ ˈ k ɑː v i ə n /, / tʃ ə-/, /-ˈ k æ v-/, Serbo-Croatian Latin: čakavski [tʃǎːkaʋskiː] proper name: čakavica or čakavština [tʃakǎːʋʃtina] own name: čokovski, čakavski, čekavski) is a South Slavic regiolect or language spoken primarily by Croats along the Adriatic coast, in the historical regions of Dalmatia, Istria, Croatian Littoral and ...
Moravian dialects are the varieties of Czech spoken in Moravia, a historical region in the southeast of the Czech Republic. There are more forms of the Czech language used in Moravia than in the rest of the Czech Republic. The main four groups of dialects are the Bohemian-Moravian group, the Central Moravian group, the Eastern Moravian group and the Lach group. While the forms are generally viewed as regional variants of Czech, some Moravians claim them to be one separate Moravian language. Sout
Shtokavian or Štokavian (/ ʃ t ɒ ˈ k ɑː v i ə n,-ˈ k æ v-/; Serbo-Croatian: štokavski / штокавски, pronounced [ʃtǒːkaʋskiː]) is the prestige dialect of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language and the basis of its Serbian, Croatian, Bosnian and Montenegrin standards.
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