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16th century
- When Jesuit missionaries learned this standard language in the 16th century, they called it "Mandarin", from its Chinese name Guānhuà (官话; 官話; 'language of the officials').
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Some form of Mandarin has served as a lingua franca for government officials and the courts since the 14th century. In the early 20th century, a standard form based on the Beijing dialect, with elements from other Mandarin dialects, was adopted as the national language.
- 920 million (2017), L2 speakers: 200 million (no date)
- most of Northern and Southwestern China (see also Standard Chinese)
As late as the early 20th century, the position of Nanjing Mandarin was considered higher than that of Beijing by some and the postal romanization standard set in 1906 included spellings with elements of Nanjing pronunciation. [2]
Jun 14, 2019 · Mandarin emerged as the language of the ruling class during the latter part of the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644). The capital of China switched from Nanjing to Beijing in the latter part of the Ming Dynasty and remained in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912).
Chinese is first known to have been written in Latin characters by Western Christian missionaries in the 16th century. Today the most common romanization standard for Standard Mandarin is Hanyu Pinyin, introduced in 1956 by the PRC, and later adopted by Singapore and Taiwan. Pinyin is almost universally employed now for teaching standard spoken ...
- 1.35 billion (2022)
Oct 23, 2018 · In 1912, the founding fathers of the Republic setup the ‘Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation’, featuring linguists, educators and experts from all over China, including from Tibet, Mongolia and Chinese communities overseas. They all gathered to iron out a standard form of Chinese.
Nov 3, 2023 · The oldest known form of Chinese is Old Chinese, which dates back to around the 11th century BCE. Mandarin, as we know it today, is a modern form of the language that developed during the Ming and Qing dynasties (14th to 20th centuries CE). Other ancient Chinese languages include Middle Chinese, Classical Chinese, and various regional dialects.
During the Qing dynasty, Nanjing Mandarin became the dominant dialect before it was replaced by Beijing Mandarin. Once the elementary school education system committed to teaching Modern Standard Chinese (Mandarin), Mandarin was adopted as the de facto language by almost all people living in Mainland China and Taiwan.
