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The 1880s (pronounced "eighteen-eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1880, and ended on December 31, 1889.
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- January 1, 1880 - The construction of the Panama Canal begins under French auspices, although it would eventually fail on the sea level canal in 1893, and would be bought out by the United States twenty-four years later under President Theodore Roosevelt.
- January 25, 1881 - Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell form the Oriental Telephone Company. More. May 21, 1881 - The American Red Cross names Clara Barton president, a post she would hold until 1904 through nineteen relief missions.
- January 2, 1882 - The Standard Oil Company trust of John D. Rockefeller is begun when Rockefeller places his oil holdings inside it. More. January 30, 1882 - Future president Franklin Delano Roosevelt is born at his home in Hyde Park, New York.
- January 16, 1883 - The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act is passed by Congress, overhauling federal civil service and establishing the U.S. Civil Service agency.
- The word "boycott" enters the English language when tenant farmers in Ireland organize and refuse to pay landlord agent Captain Charles Boycott. The term quickly spreads to America, and after appearing in newspapers, its usage becomes widespread.
- January 19, 1881: John Sutter, owner of the sawmill where a gold discovery launched the California Gold Rush, dies in Washington, D.C. March 4, 1881: James Garfield is inaugurated as President of the United States.
- April 3, 1882: Outlaw Jesse James is shot and killed by Robert Ford. April 12, 1882. Charles Darwin, author of "On the Origin of Species", dies in England at the age of 73.
- March 14, 1883: Philosopher Karl Marx dies at the age of 64. May 24, 1883: After more than a decade of construction, the Brooklyn Bridge is opened with an enormous celebration.
The years between 1878 and 1899 were a soul-searching time for Americans, as they examined the basic values they lived by. Middle-class white women became interested in social causes such as helping the urban poor, promoting temperance or prohibition of alcohol, and winning suffrage, or the right to vote, for themselves.
- Tahiti , Originally discovered by the Royal Navy it was also visited by James Cook (in 1769) and William Bligh (in 1788). Its earliest European settlers helped the Pomare family achieve a rulership over the island.
- Sitting Bull , Hunger and cold eventually forced Sitting Bull, his family, and nearly 200 other Sioux in his band to return to the United States from Canada and surrender on July 19th , 1881.
- Electric Clothes Iron , Henry Seeley patents his "electric flatiron" on June 6, 1882. Electric Irons replaced the use of Charcoal filled irons and flat irons (which were heated on a fire prior to use), when the first thermostatically controlled electric irons (with temperature control) appeared in the 1920s they quickly replaced the use of the more traditional irons.
- The Orient-Express , The Orient-Express began running between Paris and Constantinople in 1883, and covered France, Germany, Austria, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria.
In United States history, the Gilded Age is described as the period from about the late 1870s to the late 1890s, which occurred between the Reconstruction Era and the Progressive Era. It was named by 1920s historians after an 1873 Mark Twain novel.
As America begins a rapid period of industrialization and urbanization, a second immigration boom begins. Between 1880 and 1920, more than 20 million immigrants arrive. The majority are from Southern, Eastern and Central Europe, including 4 million Italians and 2 million Jews.
