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Starting and ending dates varied: the "Dark Ages" were considered by some to start in 410, by others in 476 when there was no longer an emperor in Rome itself, and to end about 800 at the time of the Carolingian Renaissance under Charlemagne, or to extend through the rest of the first millennium up until about the year 1000.
The Dark Ages is a term for the Early Middle Ages (c. 5th–10th centuries), or occasionally the entire Middle Ages (c. 5th–15th centuries), in Western Europe after the fall of the Western Roman Empire, which characterises it as marked by economic, intellectual, and cultural decline.
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- 476 AD: Fall of the Western Roman Empire. The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 AD when the Germanic chieftain Odoacer deposed the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus.
- 5th-7th centuries: Migration Period. During this time, various Germanic and barbarian tribes migrated across Europe, leading to the fragmentation of the former Roman territories.
- 6th-8th centuries: Byzantine Empire. The Eastern Roman Empire, known as the Byzantine Empire, continued to exist and thrive in the Eastern Mediterranean during this period, preserving elements of classical Roman culture.
- 8th-10th centuries: Carolingian Empire. Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, established the Carolingian Empire in the 8th century. In 800 AD, he was crowned Emperor of the Carolingian Empire by Pope Leo III, reviving the title of the Roman Emperor in the West.
In the 20th century, it was defined as a period of decline that followed the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476. “The term ‘Dark Ages’ is now rarely used by historians because of the value judgment it implies,” according to Encyclopædia Britannica.
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period ), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century. [note 1] They marked the start of the Middle Ages of European history, following the decline of the Western Roman Empire, and preceding the High Middle Ag...
Migration period, the early medieval period of western European history—specifically, the time (476–800 ce) when there was no Roman (or Holy Roman) emperor in the West or, more generally, the period between about 500 and 1000, which was marked by frequent warfare and a virtual disappearance of.
This period, known as the Dark Ages, began around 370,000 years after the Big Bang. During the Dark Ages, the temperature of the universe cooled from some 4000 K to about 60 K (3727 °C to about −213 °C), and only two sources of photons existed: the photons released during recombination/decoupling (as neutral hydrogen atoms formed), which we ...
