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Florida ( / ˈflɒrɪdə / FLORR-ih-də) is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. It borders the Gulf of Mexico to the west, Alabama to the northwest, Georgia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east; and the Straits of Florida and Cuba to the south. It is the only state that borders both the Gulf of Mexico and the ...
- 65,758 sq mi (170,312 km²)
- 21%
- 4%
- 17%
- Background
- In European Architecture and Design
- Orientalist Art
- Pop Culture
- Religion
- Eastern Views of The West and Western Views of The East
- Further Reading
- External Links
Etymology
Orientalism refers to the Orient, in reference and opposition to the Occident; the East and the West, respectively. The word Orient entered the English language as the Middle French orient. The root word oriēns, from the Latin Oriēns, has synonymous denotations: The eastern part of the world; the sky whence comes the sun; the east; the rising sun, etc.; yet the denotation changed as a term of geography. In the "Monk's Tale" (1375), Geoffrey Chaucer wrote: "That they conquered many regnes gret...
Art
In art history, the term Orientalism refers to the works of mostly 19th-century Western artists who specialized in Oriental subjects, produced from their travels in Western Asia, during the 19th century. In that time, artists and scholars were described as Orientalists, especially in France, where the dismissive use of the term "Orientalist" was made popular by the art critic Jules-Antoine Castagnary. Despite such social disdain for a style of representational art, the French Society of Orien...
Oriental studies
In the 18th and 19th centuries, the term Orientalist identified a scholar who specialized in the languages and literatures of the Eastern world. Among such scholars were officials of the East India Company, who said that the Arab culture, the Indian culture, and the Islamic cultures should be studied as equal to the cultures of Europe. Among such scholars is the philologist William Jones, whose studies of Indo-European languages established modern philology. Company rule in India favored Orie...
The Moresque style of Renaissance ornament is a European adaptation of the Islamic arabesque that began in the late 15th century and was to be used in some types of work, such as bookbinding, until almost the present day. Early architectural use of motifs lifted from the Indian subcontinent is known as Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture. One of th...
Orientalist tendencies in Western art have a long history. Oriental scenes may be found in medieval and Renaissance art, and Islamic art has itself had a profound and formative influenceon Western artistic output. Oriental subject matter further proliferated in the 19th century, in step with Western colonialism in Africa and Asia.
Authors and composers are not commonly referred to as "Orientalist" in the way that artists are, and relatively few specialized in Oriental topics or styles, or are even best known for their works including them. But many major figures, from Mozart to Flaubert, have produced significant works with Oriental subjects or treatments. Lord Byron with hi...
An exchange of Western and Eastern ideas about spirituality developed as the West traded with and established colonies in Asia. The first Western translation of a Sanskrit text appeared in 1785, marking the growing interest in Indian culture and languages. Translations of the Upanishads, which Arthur Schopenhauer called "the consolation of my life"...
The concept of Orientalism has been adopted by scholars in East-Central and Eastern Europe, among them Maria Todorova, Attila Melegh, Tomasz Zarycki, and Dariusz Skórczewski as an analytical tool for exploring the images of East-Central and Eastern European societies in cultural discourses of the West in the 19th century and during the Soviet domin...
Art
1. Alazard, Jean. L'Orient et la peinture française. 2. Behdad, Ali. 2013. Photography's Orientalism: New Essays on Colonial Representation. Getty Publications. 224 pages. 3. Benjamin, Roger. 2003. Orientalist Aesthetics, Art, Colonialism and French North Africa: 1880–1930. University of California Press. 4. Peltre, Christine. 1998. Orientalism in Art. New York: Abbeville Publishing Group. ISBN 0-7892-0459-2. 5. Rosenthal, Donald A. 1982. Orientalism: The Near East in French Painting, 1800–18...
Literature
1. Balagangadhara, S. N. 2012. Reconceptualizing India studies. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2. Bessis, Sophie (2003). Western Supremacy: The Triumph of an Idea?. Zed Books. ISBN 9781842772195 ISBN 1842772198 3. Bitar, Amer (2020). Bedouin Visual Leadership in the Middle East: The Power of Aesthetics and Practical Implications. Springer Nature. ISBN 9783030573973. 4. Clarke, J. J. 1997. "Oriental Enlightenment". London: Routledge. 5. Chatterjee, Indrani. 1999. "Gender, Slavery and Law...
Flórida Oriental (em inglês: East Florida, em castelhano: Florida Oriental) foi uma colônia da Grã-Bretanha de 1763 a 1783 e uma província da Flórida espanhola de 1783 a 1821. A Grã-Bretanha ganhou o controle da colônia espanhola de La Florida em 1763 como parte do tratado terminando a guerra francesa e indiana (como a Guerra dos Sete ...
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515-575 captured [2] [3] 35 killed. 90 wounded [2] [3] The Battle of Sarandí was fought on 12 October 1825, in the vicinity of the Arroyo Sarandí in Uruguay, between troops of the Banda Oriental and the Empire of Brazil. It resulted in a decisive victory for the Orientals.
