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Standard Chinese (simplified Chinese: 现代标准汉语; traditional Chinese: 現代標準漢語; pinyin: Xiàndài biāozhǔn hànyǔ; lit. 'modern standard Han speech') is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912‒1949).
- Analytic Language
An analytic language is a type of natural language concept...
- Standard Chinese Phonology
The phonology of Standard Chinese has historically derived...
- Analytic Language
Standard Chinese is the standard language of China (where it is called 普通话; pǔtōnghuà) and Taiwan, and one of the four official languages of Singapore (where it is called either 华语; 華語; Huáyǔ or 汉语; 漢語; Hànyǔ). Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin.
- 1.35 billion (2022)
Standard Chinese, or Standard Mandarin, is the official modern Chinese spoken language used in mainland China and Taiwan and is one of the four official languages of Singapore. It is based off the Mandarin dialect and should not be confused with other varieties of Chinese.
EnglishChinese ( Traditional )Chinese ( Simplified )PinyinHello你好你好NǐhǎoWhat's your name?你叫什麼名字?你叫什么名字?Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi?My name is...我叫...我叫...Wǒ jiào...How are you?你好嗎?/ 你怎麼樣?你好吗?/ 你怎么样?Nǐ hǎo ma? / Nǐ zěnmeyàng?- (Has begun acquiring native speakers cited 1988, 2014), L2 speakers: 7% of China (2014)
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- Background
- Before Mandarin
- Ming and Qing Dynasties
- Republican Era
- People's Republic
Historically, and properly speaking, the word "Mandarin" (官話) refers to the language spoken in the 19th century by the upper classes of Beijingas well as by the higher civil servants and military officers of the imperial regime serving in Beijing or in the provinces. This Mandarin language is quite close to modern-day Mandarin (普通话 / 普通話/ 國語), but ...
Since ancient history, the Chinese language has always consisted of a wide variety of dialects; hence prestige dialects and linguae francae have always been needed. Confucius, for example, used yǎyán (雅言), or "elegant speech", rather than colloquial regional dialects; text during the Han dynasty also referred to tōngyǔ (通語), or "common language". R...
The Ming (1368–1644) and Qing dynasties (1644–1912) began to use the term guānhuà (官話), or "official speech", to refer to the speech used at the courts. It seems that during the early part of this period, the standard was based on the Nanjing dialect, but later the Beijing dialectbecame increasingly influential, despite the mix of officials and com...
After the Republic of China was established in 1912, there was more success in promoting a common national language. A Commission on the Unification of Pronunciation was convened with delegates from the entire country, who were chosen based as often on political considerations as often as on linguistic expertise. The conference deadlocked between p...
The government of the People's Republic of China, established in 1949, continued the effort. In 1955, guóyǔ was renamed pǔtōnghuà (普通話), or "common speech". (The name change was not recognized by the Republic of China, which has governed only Taiwan and some surrounding islands since 1949.) Since then, the standards used in mainland Chinaand Taiwan...
Standard Chinese is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912‒1949). It is designated as the official language of mainland China and a major language in the United Nations, Singapore, and Taiwan. It is largely based on the Beijing dialect.
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