1. the rule or reign of a caliph or chief Muslim ruler: historical"the Umayyad caliphate in Damascus was overthrown by the Abbasids"
▪ the area ruled by a caliph:historical"Cordoba was the thriving capital of the Caliphate of Cordoba that governed almost all of the Iberian peninsula"
Word Originearly 17th century: from caliph + -ate1.