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frequency a semitone up from A4 (A♯4), multiply 440 by the twelfth root of two. To go from A4 to B4 (up a whole tone, or two semitones), multiply 440 twice by the twelfth root of two. For other tuning schemes refer to musical tuning. This list of frequencies is for a theoretically ideal piano. On an actual piano the ratio between semitones is ...

For example, if a piano string tuned to 440 Hz (vibrations per second) is played together with a piano string tuned to 442 Hz, the resulting tone beats at a frequency of 2 Hz, due to the constructive and destructive interference between the two sound waves.

Steinway’s website recommends at least 3 tunings the first year. Baldwin’s site suggests 4 times. Yamaha, one of the world's largest piano manufacturers, advises 4 times. In addition to strings stretching, temperature and humidity also adversely affect the piano’s tuning stability.

Here is what some of the piano manufacturers say about frequency of piano tunings (And who knows pianos better than those who build them?). Baldwin Piano Company – “ we recommend three or four tunings and inspection of the piano action in the first service year. Thereafter, we recommend a minimum of two tunings annually ”

Tuning Frequencies for equal-tempered scale, A 4 = 440 Hz Other tuning choices, A 4 =

Tuning a piano is the process of adjusting the tension of its strings, thereby altering their pitch, or frequency of vibration, by slightly turning the tuning pins to which they’re attached, so that each string sounds pleasingly in harmony with every other string. This harmony is achieved by tuning the piano according to certain known ...