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An electric battery is a source of electric power consisting of one or more electrochemical cells with external connections [ 1 ] for powering electrical devices. When a battery is supplying power, its positive terminal is the cathode and its negative terminal is the anode. [ 2 ] The terminal marked negative is the source of electrons that will ...
- History of The Battery
History of the battery - Wikipedia. A voltaic pile, the...
- Lithium-Ion
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable...
- Voltaic Pile
Drawing of the voltaic pile in different configurations,...
- Disposable Product
Disposable egg cartons made of molded pulp. A disposable...
- History of The Battery
O baterie electrică este un mediu electrochimic de stocare a energiei. La descărcare se transformă energia chimică (stocată) în energie electrică cu ajutorul unei reacții (redox) electrochimice. [1]
A lithium-ion or Li-ion battery is a type of rechargeable battery that uses the reversible intercalation of Li + ions into electronically conducting solids to store energy.
Battery. Look up battery or batterie in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Battery or batterie most often refers to: Electric battery, a device that provides electrical power. Battery (crime), a crime involving unlawful physical contact. Battery may also refer to:
- Invention
- First Practical Batteries
- Rechargeable Batteries and Dry Cells
- 20th Century: New Technologies and Ubiquity
From the mid 18th century on, before there were batteries, experimenters used Leyden jars to store electrical charge. As an early form of capacitor, Leyden jars, unlike electrochemical cells, stored their charge physically and would release it all at once. Many experimenters took to hooking several Leyden jars together to create a stronger charge a...
Daniell cell
An English professor of chemistry named John Frederic Daniell found a way to solve the hydrogen bubble problem in the Voltaic Pile by using a second electrolyte to consume the hydrogen produced by the first. In 1836, he invented the Daniell cell, which consists of a copper pot filled with a copper sulfate solution, in which is immersed an unglazed earthenware container filled with sulfuric acid and a zinc electrode. The earthenware barrier is porous, which allows ionsto pass through but keeps...
Bird's cell
A version of the Daniell cell was invented in 1837 by the Guy's Hospital physician Golding Bird who used a plaster of Paris barrier to keep the solutions separate. Bird's experiments with this cell were of some importance to the new discipline of electrometallurgy.
Porous pot cell
The porous pot version of the Daniell cell was invented by John Dancer, a Liverpool instrument maker, in 1838. It consists of a central zinc anode dipped into a porous earthenware pot containing a zinc sulfate solution. The porous pot is, in turn, immersed in a solution of copper sulfate contained in a copper can, which acts as the cell's cathode. The use of a porous barrier allows ions to pass through but keeps the solutions from mixing.
Lead-acid
Up to this point, all existing batteries would be permanently drained when all their chemical reactants were spent. In 1859, Gaston Planté invented the lead–acid battery, the first-ever battery that could be recharged by passing a reverse current through it. A lead-acid cell consists of a lead anode and a lead dioxide cathode immersed in sulfuric acid. Both electrodes react with the acid to produce lead sulfate, but the reaction at the lead anode releases electrons whilst the reaction at the...
Leclanché cell
In 1866, Georges Leclanché invented a battery that consists of a zinc anode and a manganese dioxide cathode wrapped in a porous material, dipped in a jar of ammonium chloride solution. The manganese dioxide cathode has a little carbon mixed into it as well, which improves conductivity and absorption. It provided a voltage of 1.4 volts.This cell achieved very quick success in telegraphy, signaling, and electric bell work. The dry cell form was used to power early telephones—usually from an adj...
Zinc-carbon cell, the first dry cell
Many experimenters tried to immobilize the electrolyte of an electrochemical cell to make it more convenient to use. The Zamboni pile of 1812 is a high-voltage dry battery but capable of delivering only minute currents. Various experiments were made with cellulose, sawdust, spun glass, asbestos fibers, and gelatine. In 1886, Carl Gassner obtained a German patent on a variant of the Leclanché cell, which came to be known as the dry cell because it does not have a free liquid electrolyte. Inste...
Nickel-iron
Waldemar Jungner patented a nickel–iron battery in 1899, the same year as his Ni-Cad battery patent, but found it to be inferior to its cadmium counterpart and, as a consequence, never bothered developing it.It produced a lot more hydrogen gas when being charged, meaning it could not be sealed, and the charging process was less efficient (it was, however, cheaper). Seeing a way to make a profit in the already competitive lead-acid battery market, Thomas Edison worked in the 1890s on developin...
Common alkaline batteries
Until the late 1950s, the zinc–carbon battery continued to be a popular primary cell battery, but its relatively low battery life hampered sales. The Canadian engineer Lewis Urry, working for the Union Carbide, first at the National Carbon Co. in Ontario and, by 1955, at the National Carbon Company Parma Research Laboratory in Cleveland, Ohio, was tasked with finding a way to extend the life of zinc-carbon batteries. Building on earlier work by Edison, Urry decided instead that alkaline batte...
Nickel-hydrogen and nickel metal-hydride
The nickel–hydrogen battery entered the market as an energy-storage subsystem for commercial communication satellites. The first consumer grade nickel–metal hydride batteries (NiMH) for smaller applications appeared on the market in 1989 as a variation of the 1970s nickel–hydrogen battery. NiMH batteries tend to have longer lifespans than NiCd batteries (and their lifespans continue to increase as manufacturers experiment with new alloys) and, since cadmiumis toxic, NiMH batteries are less da...
The lead-acid battery is a type of rechargeable battery first invented in 1859 by French physicist Gaston Planté. It is the first type of rechargeable battery ever created. Compared to modern rechargeable batteries, lead-acid batteries have relatively low energy density. Despite this, they are able to supply high surge currents.
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A battery produces direct current (DC) electricity (electricity that flows in one direction, and does not switch back and forth). Using the electricity from an outlet in a building is cheaper and more efficient, but a battery can provide electricity in areas that do not have electric power distribution.
