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Maryland Terrapins
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Learn about Maryland, a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States, with a rich history, diverse geography, and varied culture. Find out its capital, largest city, symbols, demographics, economy, and more.
- Annapolis
Annapolis (/ ə ˈ n æ p əl ɪ s / ⓘ ə-NAP-əl-iss) is the...
- Flag of Maryland
The Maryland colony was founded by The 2nd Baron Baltimore...
- United States Congressional Delegations From Maryland
Maryland's congressional districts since 2023. These are...
- Seal of Maryland
The first seal of Maryland when it was an English colony was...
- Maryland Statistical Areas
The U.S. State of Maryland currently has 13 statistical...
- Baltimore
Baltimore [a] is the most populous city in the U.S. state of...
- Maryland House of Delegates
The Maryland Constitution of 1776 formally established the...
- History of Maryland
The recorded history of Maryland dates back to the beginning...
- Worcester
Worcester County / ˈ w ʊ r s t ər / is the easternmost...
- Maryland Senate
The Maryland Senate, sometimes referred to as the Maryland...
- Annapolis
Learn about the 23 counties and one independent city in the U.S. state of Maryland, their history, etymology, population, area, and FIPS code. See maps, flags, seals, and links to census data for each county.
CountyFips Code [5]County Seat [2][6]Est.[2][6]1789165016591851- Pre-Colonial History
- Early European Exploration
- Colonial Maryland
- The Revolutionary Period
- Maryland, 1789–1849
- Maryland, 1865–1920
- Maryland in The 20th Century
- See Also
- External Links
- GeneratedCaptionsTabForHeroSec
It appears that the first humans in the area that would become Maryland arrived around the tenth millennium BC, about the time that the last ice age ended. They were hunter-gatherers organized into semi-nomadic bands. They adapted as the region's environment changed, developing the spear for hunting as smaller animals, like deer, became more preval...
In 1498 the first European explorers sailed along the Eastern Shore, off present-day Worcester County. In 1524 Giovanni da Verrazzano, sailing under the French flag, passed the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. In 1608 John Smith entered the bayand explored it extensively. His maps have been preserved to today. Although technically crude, they are surprisin...
Establishment
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, applied to Charles I for a royal charter for what was to become the Province of Maryland. After Calvert died in April 1632, the charter for "Maryland Colony" (in Latin Terra Mariae) was granted to his son, Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, on June 20, 1632. Some historians viewed this as compensation for his father having been stripped of his title of Secretary of State in 1625 after announcing his Roman Catholicism. Officially the colony is said to b...
Protestant revolts
St. Mary's City was the largest settlement in Maryland and the seat of colonial government until 1695. Because Anglicanism had become the official religion in Virginia, a band of Puritans in 1642 left for Maryland; they founded Providence (now called Annapolis).In 1650 the Puritans revolted against the proprietary government. They set up a new government prohibiting both Catholicism and Anglicanism. In March 1655, the 2nd Lord Baltimore sent an army under Governor William Stone to put down th...
Mason–Dixon Line
Based on an incorrect map, the original royal charter granted to Maryland the Potomac River and territory northward to the fortieth parallel. This was found to be a problem, as the northern boundary would have put Philadelphia, the major city in Pennsylvania, within Maryland. The Calvert family, which controlled Maryland, and the Penn family, which controlled Pennsylvania, decided in 1750 to engage two surveyors, Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon, to establish a boundary between the colonies....
Maryland did not at first favor independence from Great Britain and gave instructions to that effect to its delegates to the Second Continental Congress. During this initial phase of the Revolutionary period, Maryland was governed by a series of conventions of the Assembly of Freemen. The first convention of the Assembly lasted four days, from June...
Economic development
The American Revolution stimulated the domestic market for wheat and iron ore, and flour milling increased in Baltimore. Iron ore transport greatly boosted the local economy. By 1800 Baltimore had become one of the major cities of the new republic. The British naval blockade during the War of 1812 hurt Baltimore's shipping, but also freed merchants and traders from British debts, which along with the capture of British merchant vessels furthered the city's economic growth.
Educational institutions
In 1807, the College of Medicine of Maryland (later the University of Maryland Medical School) became the seventh medical school in the United States. In 1840, by order of the Maryland state legislature, the non-religious St. Mary's Female Seminary was founded in St. Mary's City. This would later become St. Mary's College of Maryland, the state's public honors college. The United States Naval Academy was founded in Annapolis in 1845, and the Maryland Agricultural College was chartered in 1856...
Immigration and religion
Since the abolition of anti-Catholic laws[citation needed] in the early 1830s, the Catholic population rebounded considerably.The Maryland Catholic population began its resurgence with large waves of Irish Catholic immigration spurred by the Great Famine (1845–49) and then continued through the first half of the 20th century. Italian immigration and Polish immigrations also supplemented the Catholic population in Maryland. Baltimore was the third largest point of entry for European immigrants...
Post-Civil War political developments
Since Maryland had remained in the Union during the Civil War, the state was not covered by the Reconstruction Act, as were states of the former Confederacy. After the war, many white Maryland residents struggled to re-establish white supremacy over freedmenand formerly free blacks, and racial tensions rose. There were deep divisions in the state between those who fought for the North and those who fought for the South. In the late 1860s, the white males of the Democratic Party rapidly regain...
Progressive era reforms
In the early 20th century, a political reform movement arose, centered in the rising new middle class. One of their main goals included having government jobs granted on the basis of merit rather than patronage. Other changes aimed to reduce the power of political bosses and machines, which they succeeded in doing. In a series of laws passed between 1892 and 1908, reformers worked for standard state-issued ballots (rather than those distributed and pre-marked by the parties); obtained closed...
Great Baltimore Fire
The Great Baltimore Fire of 1904 was a momentous event for Maryland's largest city and the state as a whole. The fire raged in Baltimore from 10:48 a.m. Sunday, February 7, to 5:00 p.m. Monday, February 8, 1904. More than 1,231 firefightersworked to bring the blaze under control. One reason for the fire's duration was the lack of national standards in fire-fighting equipment. Although fire engines from nearby cities (such as Philadelphia and Washington, as well as units from New York, Wilming...
The Ritchie administration
In 1918, Maryland elected Albert C. Ritchie, a Democrat, governor. He was reelected four times, serving from 1919 to 1934. Ritchie was handsome, aristocratic, and very pro-business. He hired a management firm to streamline government operations and established a budget process controlled largely by economists. He also won approval for a civil service system, long been sought by reformers who wanted positions given on the basis of merit and not patronage; reduced the number of state elections...
The Great Depression, World War II, and aftermath
Maryland's urban and rural communities had different experiences during the Depression. In 1932 the "Bonus Army" marched through the state on its way to Washington, D.C. In addition to the nationwide New Deal reforms of President Roosevelt, which put men to work building roads and park facilities, Maryland also took steps to weather the hard times. For instance, in 1937 the state instituted its first ever income tax to generate revenue for schools and welfare.[citation needed] The state had s...
Boston Public Library, Map Center. Maps of Maryland, various dates.Learn about the history of Maryland from precolonial times to the present, including its colonial origins, religious freedom, slavery, civil war, and modern development. Explore the map, topics, and references for more information.
1 day ago · Learn about Maryland, one of the original 13 states of the United States, with diverse landscapes and a rich history. Explore its capital, Annapolis, its largest city, Baltimore, and its role in the Civil War and the American Revolution.
Learn about Maryland, a state in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America. Find out its history, geography, symbols, government, and more from this simple and concise article.
Nov 9, 2009 · Learn about Maryland, one of the original 13 colonies, and its diverse landscapes, culture and history. Find out about its role in the Civil War, the national anthem, the Mason-Dixon Line and more.
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Learn about Maryland, a Mid-Atlantic state in the USA with diverse regions, cities, and attractions. Explore its history, culture, nature, and cuisine with maps, photos, and tips.
