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Obligate, intracellular, gram-negative coccobacillus
- Rickettsia prowazekii is an obligate, intracellular, gram-negative coccobacillus belonging to the genus Rickettsia. It is the causative agent of epidemic typhus which is transmitted by the human body louse.
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Aug 8, 2023 · Rickettsia prowazekii is an obligate, intracellular, gram-negative coccobacillus belonging to the genus Rickettsia. It is the causative agent of epidemic typhus which is transmitted by the human body louse.
- Sami M. Akram, Megan Ladd, Kevin C. King
- 2023/08/08
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What is Rickettsia prowazekii?
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What is Rickettsia infection?
Humans are the usual host for Rickettsia prowazekii, which causes epidemic typhus. Host animals may or may not be ill from the infection. Rickettsiae and rickettsia-like bacteria are usually spread to people through the bites of ticks, mites, fleas, or lice that previously fed on an infected animal.
- Transmission
- Epidemiology
- Epidemic Typhus
- Clinical Presentation
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- Prevention
Most rickettsial pathogens are transmitted directly to humans by infected arthropod vectors (i.e., fleas, lice, mites, or ticks) during feeding. Rickettsia also might be transmitted when a person inadvertently inoculates the arthropod bite wound (or other breaks in the skin) with rickettsial pathogens; this can happen by scratching skin contaminate...
Regardless of the length of travel (short- or long-term), all age groups are at risk for rickettsial infections during visits to endemic areas. Transmission risk increases with time spent participating in outdoor activities, particularly during seasons of peak feeding and lifecycle activity for the vector. In many parts of the world, however, ricke...
Louseborne or epidemic typhus, caused by R. prowazekii, is rarely reported among tourists; more commonly, it occurs among people living in crowded conditions where body lice are prevalent (e.g., refugees housed in camps, incarcerated populations). Outbreaks often happen during the colder months. Travelers at greatest risk for epidemic typhus includ...
Rickettsial diseases are difficult to diagnose, even by health care providers experienced with these diseases. The incubation period for most rickettsial diseases ranges from 5–10 days. Travelers can experience signs and symptoms during their trip or not until 1–2 weeks after returning home. Most symptomatic rickettsial diseases cause moderate illn...
As noted above, rickettsial diseases are difficult to diagnose, even by experienced clinicians. Timely presumptive diagnosis and initiation of antibiotic therapy is almost always based on clinical recognition and epidemiologic context. Serologic testing provides retrospective confirmation and is most accurate when acute and convalescent phase serum...
Because some rickettsioses can progress rapidly to severe illness, clinicians should initiate therapy as soon as infection is suspected and not wait to receive confirmatory test results. Immediate empiric treatment with a tetracycline (most commonly, doxycycline) is recommended for patients of all ages. Almost no other broad-spectrum antibiotic pro...
No vaccine is available for preventing rickettsial infections. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for rickettsial diseases, and antimicrobial agents should not be given to asymptomatic people. Instruct travelers going to rickettsia endemic areas to minimize their exposure to infectious arthropods (including fleas, lice, mites, ticks) and avo...
May 15, 2024 · Epidemic typhus, also called louse-borne typhus, is an uncommon disease caused by a bacteria called Rickettsia prowazekii. Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice.
Rickettsia prowazekii is a species of gram-negative, alphaproteobacteria, obligate intracellular parasitic, aerobic bacillus bacteria that is the etiologic agent of epidemic typhus, transmitted in the feces of lice. In North America, the main reservoir for R. prowazekii is the flying squirrel.
Jul 17, 2023 · Epidemic typhus, R. prowazekii, is transmitted by body lice and is associated with crowded conditions and poor hygiene. Murine typhus ( R. typhi ) is most commonly reported in tropical and subtropical areas and is associated with flea bites.
Rickettsia species are gram negative, strictly intracellular bacilli that multiply within the cytosol of endothelial cells. Rickettsia prowazekii, a typhus group rickettsia, is the etiologic agent of epidemic or louse-borne typhus and Brill-Zinsser disease (3).
