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May 4, 2021 · The aim of this study was to firstly systematically study the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of V. minima nodulating rhizobia in Shandong Peninsula, China, through multilocus sequence analyses on housekeeping genes, and the relationship between biodiversity, community distribution, and environmental factors was also analyzed.
May 26, 2021 · The experimental evolution protocol allows microbes—but not plants—to evolve. Rhizobia are grown in vitro, and 5.0 × 10 7 rhizobia cells are inoculated directly on axenic plant roots. Plants are grown for 4 wpi, after which nodules are removed, and rhizobia are extracted to start a new round of in vitro growth.
- Kenjiro W Quides, Alexandra J Weisberg, Jerry Trinh, Fathi Salaheldine, Paola Cardenas, Hsu-Han Lee,...
- 10.1098/rspb.2021.0812
- 2021
- May 26, 2021
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Can experimental evolution enhance benefits of rhizobia to novel legume hosts?
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- Introduction
- Rhizobial Symbionts as Promoters of Legume Plant Growth
- Rhizobial Production of IAA and N2 Fixation in Legumes
- The Role of Lumichrome and Riboflavin in Plant Growth Promotion
- Acc Deaminase-Producing Rhizobial Bacteria
- Rhizobia-Aided Acquisition of Phosphorus by Nodulated Legumes
- Role of Symbiotic Rhizobia in Plant Defense
- Conclusions
- Author Contributions
- Funding
Nitrogen is an essential component of all amino acids and nucleic acids, thus making it an important plant nutrient element. Although the atmosphere consists of 78.1% N2 gas, plants cannot use it unless it is converted into a usable form (Ferguson et al., 2010). Biological N2 fixation (BNF) is a free source of N that can be exploited by resource-po...
Legumes that harbor efficient rhizobia in their root or stem nodules often meet their N requirements from N2 fixation (Belane et al., 2011; Mohale et al., 2014). It is this symbiotic trait that gives legumes a superior survival advantage over their non-legume counterparts in N-depleted soils where other plant growth requirements are optimal. Nodula...
Indole acetic acid (IAA) is an important member of the auxin family responsible for controlling plant physiological processes, including cell division and enlargement, tissue differentiation, and light/gravity response (Teale et al., 2006; Shokri and Emtiazi, 2010). Rhizobia together with other bacteria, fungi and algae are producers of auxins, esp...
Microorganisms such as rhizobia are crucial in the promotion of plant growth, as they can synthesize and release phytohormones that alter the rhizosphere chemistry in favor of plant growth (Table 1). Rhizobial metabolites such as riboflavin and lumichrome are reportedly involved in chemical cross-talks leading to plant growth promotion, as well as ...
ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid) deaminase is a known precursor of ethylene (Penrose and Glick, 2003) and is a plant growth-promoting enzyme (Table 1) that uses pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) as substrate (Honma and Shimomura, 1978). ACC deaminase enzyme localized in the cytoplasm, is encoded by acdS gene (Honma and Shimomura, 1978; Jacobso...
To increase crop yields for meeting global food security would require major nutrient inputs, especially N and P. Plants take up P in the form of phosphate that comes from the 83% of the world's P reserves occurring as rock phosphate in only Morocco, China, South Africa and the USA (Vaccari, 2009). The world's vast 5.7 billion hectares of agricultu...
The successful induction of root nodules and their subsequent colonization by rhizobia require the production of rhizobial Nod factors that allow for their recognition by the host legume (Via et al., 2016). Aside their growth promoting effects, rhizobia have been implicated in processes leading to induced systemic resistance (ISR) in host plants wh...
Plant growth and productivity is dependent on multiple factors, which include mineral nutrition, resistance to insect pests and diseases. Fortunately, symbiotic rhizobia are capable of triggering biological pathways that cause outcomes with direct and indirect effects on plant growth promotion and protection. Studying the interlinkages of outcomes ...
SJ and MM drafted the manuscript. FI produced the photo used in Figure 1. The photo was shot by her from her glasshouse studies. Some of the ideas in the manuscript are also from her Master's thesis. FD conceived the idea, edited, and approved the final version of the paper. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.
FD was grateful to the NRF, Tshwane University of Technology (TUT) and the South African Research Chair in Agrochemurgy and Plant Symbiosis for continued funding of his research. SJ and MM also acknowledge the NRF and TUT for continued support of their postdoctoral fellowships through the Research Chair.
- Sanjay K. Jaiswal, Mustapha Mohammed, Fadimata Y. I. Ibny, Felix D. Dakora
- 2021
Apr 27, 2020 · Soil types and rhizobia. Experimental soils were collected at a depth of 15 cm from three major soybean cultivation areas in China in fall 2016: Wuhan (30°48′ N, 114°36′ E), Hubei Province ...
- Qin Han, Qun Ma, Yong Chen, Bing Tian, Lanxi Xu, Yang Bai, Wenfeng Chen, Xia Li
- 2020
Apr 23, 2020 · J. J. O. Odhiambo. Rhizobia is a group of gram-negative soil-borne bacteria with several beneficial strains for biological nitrogen fixation in legume crops. Rhizobium strains are found native in the soil but where they are absent, commercial strains are inoculated on crops. We assessed the availability of native rhizobia in chickpea fields at ...
Apr 21, 2020 · Our results showing that inoculation of low numbers (i.e., same number as indigenous rhizobia in the soil) of multiple strains into an agricultural soil increases the mixed nodule occupancy from a few percent to over 20% has significant implications for the evolution and stability of Rhizobium-legume symbioses.
