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Scrub typhus is a mite-borne disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi (formerly Rickettsia tsutsugamushi). Symptoms are fever, a primary lesion, a macular rash, and lymphadenopathy. (See also Overview of Rickettsial and Related Infections.) Scrub typhus is related to rickettsial diseases.
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May 15, 2024 · Scrub typhus, also known as bush typhus, is a disease caused by bacteria called Orientia tsutsugamushi. Scrub typhus is spread to people through bites of infected chiggers (larval mites). The most common symptoms of scrub typhus include fever, headache, body aches, and rash.
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Mar 27, 2024 · Eschar. The area around the bite may develop a necrotic skin lesion known as an eschar [PDF – 2 pages]. The eschar may appear before the individual develops systemic symptoms. Common sites of eschars are axillae, under the breast, and groin, and less often on the abdomen, back, and extremities. Multiple eschars have been reported.
- What Is Scrub Typhus?
- Who Gets Scrub Typhus?
- Classification and Causes of Scrub Typhus
- What Is The Habitat of The Trombiculid Mite?
- What Are The Clinical Features of Scrub Typhus?
- What Are The Complications of Scrub Typhus?
- How Is Scrub Typhus Diagnosed?
- What Is The Differential Diagnosis For Scrub Typhus?
- What Is The Treatment For Scrub Typhus?
- Prevention of Scrub Typhus
Scrub typhus is a disease caused by infection from the Rickettsia bacteria, Orientia tsutsugamushi. Humans are infected via the bite of an infected chigger — the larval form of the trombiculid mite of the genus Leptotrombidium.
Scrub typhus traditionally occurs in people living in Asia, Japan, India, northern Australia and the Pacific Islands. However, there are increasing reports from elsewhere in the world, including recently in Chile . Travellers to endemic regions may developscrub typhus after returning home.
Orientia bacteria are transmitted via infected trombiculid mites. 1. These mites are tiny (< 1 mm). 2. Once attached to a human they form a stylostome (a feeding tube into the host’s skin) through the use of digestive enzymes. 3. Through this process the Orientiabacteria are transmitted into the individual.
Trombiculid mites inhabit a wide range of habitats, including primaryforest, plantations, beaches and gardens. They are closely associated with small mammals, particularly rodents, on whom larval mites feed in order to complete their life cycle. Areas of scrub typhus infected mites are patchily distributed. The dynamics and extent of these mite isl...
Scrub typhus results in a classic triad of fever, myalgia, and headache. Symptoms usually start within 6–14 days of being bitten. In most cases, a cutaneous eschar develops at the site of inoculation. Lymphadenopathy is common, and a maculopapular rash may occur on the trunk (exanthem). Plantar and palmar erythemaare also well described.
The illness may be mild but systemicinvolvement can occur, resulting in: 1. Pneumonia 2. Acute renalfailure 3. Hypotension 4. Meningoencephalitis.
Laboratory diagnosis of scrub typhus is difficult. A variety of diagnostic tests may be used, including: 1. Antibody-based rapid diagnostic field tests 2. Serology 3. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 4. Cell culture.
The differential diagnosis for scrub typhus includes any infectious disease causing fever, myalgia, and headache, such as: 1. Typhoid 2. Malaria 3. Melioidosis 4. Dengue 5. Leptospirosis 6. Other rickettsial diseases, such as the spotted fevers and murine typhus. The differential diagnosis for the eschar of scrub typhus includes: 1. Anthrax 2. Tula...
Scrub typhus is usually responsive to tetracyclineantibiotics, especially doxycycline. A 7-day course is usually adequate unless the disease is severe. Resistance to tetracyclines was reported from Northern Thailand, but further published data is lacking . Chloramphenicol is the second-line treatment option.
No vaccine exists to prevent scrub typhus. Scrub typhus can be prevented by taking measures to avoid being bitten by larval trombiculid mites, such as: 1. Applying effective insect repellent, such as DEET 2. Wearing long trousers, shoes, and socks in and around mite habitats.
Scrub typhus or bush typhus is a form of typhus caused by the intracellular parasite Orientia tsutsugamushi, a Gram-negative α-proteobacterium of family Rickettsiaceae first isolated and identified in 1930 in Japan.
- Bush typhus, mite typhus, jungle typhus
Image. Images courtesy of Yoshiki Taniguchi, MD, and the Dermatology Online Journal. Scrub typhus occurs in Japan, Korea, China, India, and northern Australia. The disease is transmitted to people when they are bitten by a chigger (mite larva).
Mar 17, 2024 · Scrub typhus is one of the tropical rickettsial infections which if left untreated, can have fatal consequences. It is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi and transmitted by the bite of the mite larvae or chiggers. It is a systemic illness and can present as a vasculitis-like infection.
