Jean-Claude Duvalier
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- Physician François Duvalier (14 April 1907 – 21 April 1971), known as "Papa Doc" because he was once a doctor, was the President (dictator) and Head of State of Haiti from 1957 until his death. He was excommunicated from the Catholic Church for expelling foreign-born bishops. Like many rulers of Haiti, he was called "President for Life".
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Apr 17, 2024 · François Duvalier (born April 14, 1907, Port-au-Prince, Haiti—died April 21, 1971, Port-au-Prince) was the president of Haiti whose 14-year regime was of unprecedented duration in that country. Duvalier graduated in 1934 from the University of Haiti School of Medicine, where he served as a hospital staff physician until 1943, when he became ...
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Born: April 14, 1907. Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Died: April 21, 1971. Port-au-Prince, Haiti. Haitian president and physician. François Duvalier was the president of Haiti from 1957 until his death. Trained as a physician and known to his people as "Papa Doc," Duvalier ruled his country as no other Haitian chief executive had, using violence and ...
- Early Life
- Rise to Power
- Abuse of Power
- President For Life
- For More Information
François Duvalier was born in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, on April 14, 1907. His family belonged to the middle class. His grandfather had been a tailor, and his father was a school-teacher and municipal court judge. Duvalier believed that his people's African traditions should be preserved and protected from the influence of European countries. He was o...
Duvalier had a solid base of support in the countryside, and his campaign was similar to those of the other candidates in that they all promised to rebuild the country and give it a new start. Duvalier, however, made various deals with one or more of the other candidates, won the army over to his side, and finally defeated Louis Déjoie, his main op...
It was during this period that Duvalier created an organization directly responsible to him, the Tontons Macoutes (also known as "Bogeymen"), the Haitian version of a secret police. Through the late 1950s to the middle 1960s this force continued to grow and was responsible for terrorizing and assassinating anyone thought to be an opponent of Duvali...
After the election of 1961 and the continuation of Duvalier's rule in 1963, many observers felt it was only a matter of time before Duvalier moved to have himself installed as permanent Haitian president. On April 1, 1964, that was exactly what happened. The Legislative Chamber, which didwhatever Duvalier wanted, rewrote the 1957 constitution, maki...
Abbott, Elizabeth. Haiti: The Duvaliers and Their Legacy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1988. Burt, Al, and Bernard Diedrich. Papa Doc.London: Bodley Head, 1970. Condit, Erin. François & Jean-Claude Duvalier. New York: Chelsea House, 1989. Ferguson, James. Papa Doc, Baby Doc: Haiti and the Duvaliers.New York: B. Blackwell, 1988.
François Duvalier was born on April 14, 1907, in Port-au-Prince, Haiti to Duval Duvalier and Ulyssia Abraham. His father was a justice of peace and his mother was a baker. He was brought up by his aunt. He attended the University of Haiti and earned a degree in medicine in 1934.
Jan 17, 2011 · He was Francois Duvalier, who liked to be called Papa Doc. For 14 years he had held the wretchedly poor black republic of Haiti in a spell of fear. Now the spell was broken.
François Duvalier, surnommé « Papa Doc », né à Port-au-Prince le 14 avril 1907 et mort dans la même ville le 21 avril 1971, est un médecin, un écrivain et un homme d'État haïtien élu 41 e président de la République d'Haïti 1 en 1957, avant d’occuper le titre président à vie de 1964 à sa mort en 1971 2.
After studying at the Lycée National, the young Duvalier enrolled in the University of Haiti School of Medicine, graduating in 1934. For some years, he served on the staffs of local hospitals ...
