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葡萄牙語（葡萄牙语： Português ）简称葡語，是羅曼語族的一種語言。 葡語以使用國家數量來算是世界排名第七的語言，使用地區包括葡萄牙、巴西、安哥拉、莫桑比克、佛得角、圣多美和普林西比、赤道幾內亞、幾內亞比索、東帝汶和澳门，共計十個國家或地區。
The following notable deaths occurred in 2024. Names are reported under the date of death, in alphabetical order. A typical entry reports information in the following sequence: Name, age, country of citizenship at birth, subsequent nationality (if applicable), what subject was noted for, cause of death (if known), and reference.
Death eventually and inevitably occurs in all organisms. Some organisms, such as Turritopsis dohrnii, are biologically immortal, however they can still die from means other than aging. Death is generally applied to whole organisms; the equivalent for individual components of an organism, such as cells or tissues, is necrosis.
- Background
- Plague Migration
- Economic, Social and Political Effects
- Consequences
The Middle East in the mid-14th century
In the mid-14th century, the Middle East was mainly composed by the Mamluk Sultanate, which composed present day Egypt, Palestine, Lebanon and Syria, having the Jalayirid Sultanate(present day Iraq and Iran) in the East, and the Sultanate of Tunis (Tunisia) and Marinid Sultanate (Morocco) in North Africa to the West.
The Black Death
Since the outbreak of the Black Death at the Crimea, the plague, according to traditional history, had reached the Italian Peninsula and Europe by a plague ship to Sicily in 1347.
Egypt
In the autumn of 1347, a ship carrying the plague came to Alexandria in Egypt, from which it spread over Northern Egypt during the spring of 1348, reaching its peak between October 1348 and January 1349.The plague resulted in widespread panic, in which the peasantry fled to the cities to escape the plague, while in parallel the city people fled to the country side, which created chaos and a collapse of public order. In September 1348 the plague reached Cairo, which at this time was the bigges...
Palestine
In April–May 1348, the Black Death migrated from the Northern Egypt to the city of Gaza in Palestine, where the population fled to the countryside, after which their homes were pillaged by criminals, who themselves died, while the peasants outside of the city reportedly fell down dead in their fields during their plowing.
Syria
In the Summer of 1348, the Black Death had reached Damascus in Syria. In Damascus, processions of prayer as well as fasting were organized, and both Muslims, Christians and the Samaritans participated in public praying processions to appeal to God to prevent the plague. The number of death soon reached so many thousands that funerals could, for a long time period, no longer be arranged. Bodies were stacked in gardens and on the street, and on 31 October 1348, ibn Abi Hajalah noted that 263 bo...
The contemporary Muslim theologists regarded the plague as a punishment from God if it targeted a non-Muslim; if it killed a Muslim however, it was in contrast regarded as a sign of favor from God, who wished to award a devout Muslim with the death of a martyr. This was the accepted official attitude toward the pandemic, and since the Black Death w...
The Black Death repeatedly returned, and Egypt was affected 58 times between 1347 and 1517. The depopulation resulted in lower income from taxes, and that the irrigation system was not maintained and collapsed, resulting in less agriculture.Especially in Southern Europe, the country side were depopulated. However, in the cities the craftsmen were g...
全 世界 现共有9个 独立 的 主权国家 和 中国 的 澳门特区 以 葡萄牙语 作为 官方语言 ，这些国家和地区除了葡语的发源地葡萄牙，绝大多数曾经是葡萄牙的 殖民地 ，是 葡萄牙殖民帝国 的一部分。. 赤道几内亚 是个例外，它是为了成为 葡语国家共同体 的正式 ...
葡萄牙的国土包括 伊比利亚半岛 上的 本土 ，以及 大西洋 上的 马德拉群岛 和 亚速尔群岛 ，位于32°至43°N、32°至6°W之间。. 葡国领土面积92,090 km 2 （35,560 sq mi），其中陆地面积91,470 km 2 （35,320 sq mi），水域面积620 km 2 （240 sq mi）。. 葡国拥有1,727,408 km 2 的 ...
4 days ago · Donald Sutherland is being remembered by fellow stars after his death at age 88. Sutherland's ex and former co-star Jane Fonda paid tribute to the legendary actor, who starred in over 200 movies ...
