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Nov 5, 2021 · In this article, we elaborated on an operational notion of understanding as “inference to the best explanation” and described an active inference agent that is able to infer and communicate an explanation for its actions.
- Thomas Parr, Giovanni Pezzulo
- 10.3389/fnsys.2021.772641
- 2021
- Front Syst Neurosci. 2021; 15: 772641.
Key concepts are developed through a combination of graphical explanations, worked examples, example computer code and case studies using real data. Stu-dents will develop an understanding of the ideas behind statistical methods and gain experience in applying them in practice.
- What Is Statistical Inference?
- How to Make Statistical Inferences
- Common Inferential Methods
- Example Statistical Inference
- Reference
Statistical inference is the process of using a sample to infer the properties of a population. Statistical procedures use sample data to estimatethe characteristics of the whole population from which the sample was drawn. Scientists typically want to learn about a population. When studying a phenomenon, such as the effects of a new medication or p...
In its simplest form, the process of making a statistical inference requires you to do the following: 1. Draw a sample that adequately represents the population. 2. Measure your variables of interest. 3. Use appropriate statistical methodology to generalize your sample results to the population while accounting for sampling error. Of course, that’s...
The following are four standard procedures than can make statistical inferences. 1. Hypothesis Testing: Uses representative samples to assess two mutually exclusive hypotheses about a population. Statistically significant results suggest that the sample effect or relationship exists in the population after accounting for sampling error. 2. Confiden...
Let’s look at a real flu vaccine study for an example of making a statistical inference. The scientists for this study want to evaluate whether a flu vaccine effectively reduces flu cases in the general population. However, the general population is much too large to include in their study, so they must use a representative sample to make a statist...
Monto AS, Ohmit SE, Petrie JG, Johnson E, Truscon R, Teich E, Rotthoff J, Boulton M, Victor JC. Comparative efficacy of inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(13):1260-7.
Three Modes of Statistical Inference 1 Descriptive Inference: summarizing and exploring data Inferring “ideal points” from rollcall votes Inferring “topics” from texts and speeches Inferring “social networks” from surveys 2 Predictive Inference: forecasting out-of-sample data points Inferring future state failures from past failures
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Sep 4, 2020 · While descriptive statistics can only summarize a sample’s characteristics, inferential statistics use your sample to make reasonable guesses about the larger population. With inferential statistics, it’s important to use random and unbiased sampling methods.
- Descriptive statistics summarize the characteristics of a data set. Inferential statistics allow you to test a hypothesis or assess whether your da...
- A statistic refers to measures about the sample , while a parameter refers to measures about the population .
- A sampling error is the difference between a population parameter and a sample statistic .
- Hypothesis testing is a formal procedure for investigating our ideas about the world using statistics. It is used by scientists to test specific pr...
January 31, 2010. Statistics and Statistical Inference. How Not to Study Statistics. Learning statistics (or math in general) is different from learning substantive topics in political science.
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8. Like. Samantha Broders. Text. 4. Making Inferences. Similar to a hypothesis, an inference is an informed guess about science or scientific relationships. Inferences are based on real, observed evidence but are still just guesses about the true relationship that exists. Here's a simple example.
