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The ultimate guide to essential photography terms and definitions explains in plain and simple English terms like MILC, DOF, Histogram, F-Stop, Bokeh, and Noise.
- Aperture
- Back-Button Focus
- Bokeh
- Bracketing
- Camera Modes
- Chromatic Aberration
- Composition
- Crop Factor
- Depth of Field
- Diffraction
Apertureis perhaps the single most important setting in all of photography. Similar to the pupil in your eye, aperture is an opening in the camera lens that (generally) can change size. A large aperture lets in more light, while a small aperture does not let in as much. For this reason, photographers like using large apertures in low light conditio...
By default, almost every camera autofocuses when you half-press the shutter button. However, sometimes you will want to take a photo without focusing beforehand. That’s where back-button focuscomes in. Rather than half-pressing the shutter button, back-button focus focuses via a button on the back of your camera instead. Then (after disabling autof...
When you use large apertures, especially when you zoom in or get close to your subject, you’ll end up with a shallow focus effect. In other words, your subject will be sharp, while the background will be strongly out of focus. The quality of this out-of-focus region – i.e., how it looks, how it’s rendered – is known as bokeh. A lot of specialty por...
Bracketingsimply means taking a series of photos in a row with slight variations. The most common type of bracketing is exposure bracketing, where the photographer uses different shutter speeds (see “shutter speed” below) to take a sequence of photos with different brightness levels. Most cameras have a bracketing button or menu setting that automa...
Every advanced camera lets you select which settings (specifically exposure settings) you will change manually, and which the camera will change automatically. The setup you choose is known as your camera mode. The five most popular camera modes are Automatic, Program, Shutter Priority, Aperture Priority, and Manual. You can switch from one to the ...
A common image quality issue you’ll see in photography is chromatic aberration. “Chromatic,” of course, refers to color. The two types of chromatic aberration you may see in your photos are called lateral and longitudinalchromatic aberration. The first – lateral – is more commonly talked about. It typically shows up as red/green, yellow/blue, or cy...
Compositionis the arrangement of elements in your photograph. Some elements attract a lot of attention, especially those which are familiar (like people’s faces), bright, colorful, or high-contrast. The more attention an object attracts, the more “visual weight” it has. So, composition is about arranging the visual weight in your photo – often to l...
Based on the size of your camera sensor, you’re always shooting with a particular “crop factor” and you may not even know it. Crop factor is calculated relative to the size of full-frame camera sensors. These sensors have a (no-difference) crop factor of 1×, because they’re the reference. Smaller camera sensors literally act like “crops” of full-fr...
The portion of a photo that is (acceptably) in focus is known as your depth of field. I like to think of depth of field as a window with thick glass that intersects the scene in front of you. Anything that touches the window is within your depth of field; anything farther away from the window is progressively farther and farther out of focus. In a ...
At smaller and smaller apertures (f/16, f/22, even f/32 and f/45), you will start to see your photos get blurrier and blurrier. This blur is known as diffraction. Diffraction exists no matter what lens you use; it’s just a property of physics. In cases where very fine detail needs to be resolved, image degradation will occur at apertures of f/11 or...
- Aperture: The part of the camera that opens to let light in. The f-stop or f-number is the measurement of how open or closed the aperture is.
- Depth of field: The difference between the closest and farthest in-focus objects in a photo. A shallow depth of field means that relatively close background objects become blurry.
- Dynamic range: The difference between the darkest and lightest tones in an image — the range of dark and light that a camera is capable of. Darkest and lightest hues are very rarely pure black or pure white.
- Exposure triangle: The combination of aperture, ISO, and shutter speed, which determines the time and intensity of light being let into the camera. Different exposures in film and digital images alike are achieved by adjusting these exposure settings.
- Bird’s Eye View Photography. The ‘bird’s-eye’ view is what we see when we look down on a subject from above. When you shoot with a very high viewpoint, the perspective of the image changes and objects appear smaller and squashed up together, relative to how they would normally look in real life.
- High Viewpoint Photography. The ‘High Point of View’ is looking down on your subject from a distance away (rather than directly over it). The High Point of View is slightly different to the Bird’s Eye View, but still involves looking down at your subject.
- Becoming the Subject Photography. The ‘Becoming The Subject’ viewpoint is about getting into the thick of the action with your subjects, at the same level that they are at, making the viewer feel like they are part of the scene.
- Eye Level Photography. The ‘Eye Level’ is also known as the ‘Horizon View’. When using this viewpoint in photography you aim to get your camera positioned at roughly human eye level (meaning your camera will get shots that are easy for people to relate to).
A super-telephoto lens is usually 300mm or longer. Wide-angle lens – A lens that features a wider field of view than a normal lens. Generally spans from over 10mm to under 50mm. Depending on the focal length, there may also be edge distortion (i.e., in super wide-angle lenses). Tilt-shift lens – A special-effect lens.
May 4, 2023 · Depth of Field (DoF or DOF) The depth of field is the amount of your image that is in sharp focus. It is affected by two things: The aperture chosen (smaller aperture = more depth of field) The distance to the subject. Here are two extremes as examples. ISO 160, f/22, 0.3sec.
Apr 11, 2024 · Image stabilization is a technology designed to reduce the effects of camera shake. It compensates for small movements or vibrations. The results are sharper photos and smoother videos. It does this by using various mechanisms within the camera or lens. This includes optical elements or sensor shifting.
