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The common law addresses deceit in a variety of ways but consistently includes a harm requirement before the perpetrator may be held liable. The examples discussed here include the torts of fraudulent misrepresentation, defamation, and injurious falsehoods, and they reflect how the common law typically treats deception.
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Familiar examples include: the torts of deceit, libel and defamation; the crime of theft by false pretenses and federal mail and wire fraud statutes; the Federal Trade Commission Act, the Lanham Act, and state unfair and deceptive acts and practices laws; laws prohibiting securities fraud and requiring issuer disclosures; the contract defense of...
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Most professional ethics codes for therapists counsel clinicians to be honest and truthful, yet therapists and other practitioners of the helping professions routinely engage in various forms of...
Feb 21, 2008 · According to L1, there are at least four necessary conditions for lying. First, lying requires that a person make a statement (statement condition). Second, lying requires that the person believe the statement to be false; that is, lying requires that the statement be untruthful (untruthfulness condition).
LYING AND SELF-DECEPTION. The intent of the liar is one of the two criteria for distinguishing lies from other kinds of deception. The liar deliberately chooses to mislead the target. Liars may actually tell the truth, but that is not their intent.
Layperson’s definition of fraud. Fraud, as it is commonly under-stood today, means dishonesty in the form of an intentional deception or a willful misrepresentation of a material fact. Lying, the willful telling of an untruth, and cheating, the gaining of an unfair or unjust advantage over another, could be used to further
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Non-Deceptive Manipulations that Cause False Beliefs, and Non-Propositional Communication. Let us start with two intuitive characterizations of deception: A: Deception is the intentional act of convincing another of a falsehood. B: Deception is the intentional causation of false beliefs in another.
