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- Reservoir. The reservoir of an infectious agent is the habitat in which the agent normally lives, grows, and multiplies. Reservoirs include humans, animals, and the environment.
- Portal of exit. Portal of exit is the path by which a pathogen leaves its host. The portal of exit usually corresponds to the site where the pathogen is localized.
- Modes of transmission. An infectious agent may be transmitted from its natural reservoir to a susceptible host in different ways. There are different classifications for modes of transmission.
- Portal of entry. The portal of entry refers to the manner in which a pathogen enters a susceptible host. The portal of entry must provide access to tissues in which the pathogen can multiply or a toxin can act.
Therefore, we define a reservoir as one or more epidemiologically connected populations or environments in which the pathogen can be permanently maintained and from which infection is transmitted to the defined target population.
- Daniel T. Haydon, Sarah Cleaveland, Louise H. Taylor, M. Karen Laurenson
- 10.3201/eid0812.010317
- 2002
- Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Dec; 8(12): 1468-1473.
Definition. Reservoirs of infection are natural habitats where infectious agents live, grow, and multiply, providing a source of infection for humans and other hosts. These reservoirs can be living organisms, such as animals and humans, or non-living environments, like soil and water.
Jul 22, 2022 · A human acting as a reservoir of a pathogen may or may not be capable of transmitting the pathogen, depending on the stage of infection and the pathogen. To help prevent the spread of disease among school children, the CDC has developed guidelines based on the risk of transmission during the course of the disease.
Sep 6, 2017 · A conceptual framework for understanding a reservoir of infection has been established through various studies that have emphasized different aspects of zoonotic diseases. 1, 2, 3, 4 However, empirical characterization of reservoirs often remains controversial and challenging.
- Luisa K Hallmaier-Wacker, Vincent J Munster, Sascha Knauf
- 10.1038/emi.2017.65
- 2017
- Emerg Microbes Infect. 2017 Sep; 6(9): e79.
The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual is a definitive guide to investigating acute public health events on the ground and in real time. Assembled and written by experts from the CDC as well as other leading public health agencies, it offers current and field-tested guidance for every stage of an outbreak investigation—from identification to ...
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Jan 15, 2019 · Citations. Metrics. Licensing. Reprints & Permissions. View PDF. Abstract. Central to the One Health approach and any disease eradication program is the question of whether a pathogen has a non-human reservoir.
