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Apr 25, 2024 · Marburg is a serious and very contagious disease caused by the Marburg virus. Up to 9 out of 10 people infected with the virus will die without treatment. Chances of survival improve when treatment is given early at a treatment center.
- Transmission
- Symptoms of Marburg Virus Disease
- Diagnosis
- Treatment and Vaccines
- Marburg Virus in Animals
- Prevention and Control
- Controlling Infection in Healthcare Settings
- Marburg Viral Persistence in in People Recovering from Marburg Virus Disease
- Who Response
Initially, human MVD infection results from prolonged exposure to mines or caves inhabited by Rousettus bat colonies. Marburg spreads through human-to-human transmission via direct contact (through broken skin or mucous membranes) with the blood, secretions, organs or other bodily fluids of infected people, and with surfaces and materials (e.g. bed...
The incubation period (interval from infection to onset of symptoms) varies from 2 to 21 days. Illness caused by Marburg virus begins abruptly, with high fever, severe headache and severe malaise. Muscle aches and pains are a common feature. Severe watery diarrhoea, abdominal pain and cramping, nausea and vomiting can begin on the third day. Diarrh...
It can be difficult to clinically distinguish MVD from other infectious diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever, shigellosis, meningitis and other viral haemorrhagic fevers. Confirmation that symptoms are caused by Marburg virus infection are made using the following diagnostic methods: 1. antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ...
Currently there are no vaccines or antiviral treatments approved for MVD. However, supportive care – rehydration with oral or intravenous fluids – and treatment of specific symptoms, improves survival. There are monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) under development and antivirals e.g. Remdesivir and Favipiravir that have been used in clinical studies for ...
Rousettus aegyptiacusbats are considered natural hosts for Marburg virus. There is no apparent disease in the fruit bats. As a result, the geographic distribution of Marburg virus may overlap with the range of Rousettus bats. African green monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) imported from Uganda were the source of infection for humans during the first...
Good outbreak control relies on using a range of interventions, namely case management, surveillance and contact tracing, a good laboratory service, safe and dignified burials, and social mobilization. Community engagement is key to successfully controlling outbreaks. Raising awareness of risk factors for Marburg infection and protective measures t...
Healthcare workers should always take standard precautions when caring for patients, regardless of their presumed diagnosis. These include basic hand hygiene, respiratory hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (to block splashes or other contact with infected materials), safe injection practices and safe and dignified burial practices. Healt...
Marburg virus is known to persist in immune-privileged sites in some people who have recovered from Marburg virus disease. These sites include the testicles and the inside of the eye. 1. In women who have been infected while pregnant, the virus persists in the placenta, amniotic fluid and foetus. 2. In women who have been infected while breastfeedi...
WHO aims to prevent Marburg outbreaks by maintaining surveillance for Marburg virus disease and supporting at-risk countries to develop preparedness plans. The following document provides overall guidance for control of Ebola and Marburg virus outbreaks: 1. Ebola and Marburg virus disease epidemics: preparedness, alert, control, and evaluation When...
Because Marburg virus and Ebola virus belong to the same family, Filoviridae, some scientists have attempted to create a single-injection vaccine for both viruses. This would both make the vaccine more practical and lower the cost for developing countries.
Feb 2, 2023 · Humans can acquire ebolaviruses and Marburg viruses from infected animals, or from other people. When spreading between humans, both Ebola and Marburg are transmitted through direct contact with the bodily fluids (such as blood or mucous) of an infected person.
The filoviruses Ebola and Marburg use several different and effective mechanisms to both evade and battle the immune system. This Review explores recent findings in the filovirus–host-defence...
- Mansour Mohamadzadeh, Mansour Mohamadzadeh, Lieping Chen, Alan L. Schmaljohn
- 2007
Feb 13, 2023 · Marburg virus disease is a highly virulent disease that causes haemorrhagic fever, with a fatality ratio of up to 88%. It is in the same family as the virus that causes Ebola virus disease.
The latter occurred in a village near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name. The virus family Filoviridae includes 3 genera: Cuevavirus, Marburgvirus, and Ebolavirus. Within the genus Ebolavirus, 6 species have been identified: Zaire, Bundibugyo, Sudan, Taï Forest, Reston and Bombali.
