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The Pharaoh in ancient Egypt was the political and religious leader of the people and held the titles 'Lord of the Two Lands' and 'High Priest of Every Temple'. The word 'pharaoh' is the Greek form...
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Egypt was continually governed, at least in part, by native pharaohs for approximately 2500 years, until it was conquered by the Kingdom of Kush in the late 8th century BC, whose rulers adopted the traditional pharaonic titulature for themselves.
Throne NamePersonal NameCommentsReignFounded the 13th Dynasty. His reign is ...1802–1800 BC [ 113]Mehibtawy SekhemkarePerhaps a brother of Sekhemre Khutawy ...1800–1796 BC [ 113]Sobek [...]Attested on a Nile record from Semna.1796 BCAmenemhat VRuled for 3 to 4 years [ 113]1796–1793 BC [ 113]A chronological list of Egyptian kings from the earliest dynasties to the end of the New Kingdom, based on kinglists and historical sources. See works of art associated with each ruler and learn about their reigns and achievements.
Jul 23, 2024 · Pharaohs were kings of ancient Egypt. Though the term pharaoh referring to the king was not used in ancient Egypt until the New Kingdom period (c. 1539–c. 1077 bce), it is now used for all kings of ancient Egypt on the basis of its use in the Hebrew Bible. The list below includes Egyptian rulers.
- Old Kingdom, 2686–2160 BC
- First Intermediate Period, 2160–2055 BC
- Middle Kingdom, 2055–1650 BC
- Second Intermediate Period, 1650–1550 BC
- New Kingdom, 1550–1069 BC
- Ramesside Period, 1295–1069 BC
- Third Intermediate Period, 1069–664 BC
- Late Period, 664–332 BC
- Ptolemaic Period, 332–30 BC
3rd Dynasty: 2686–2613 BC First pharaoh: Nebka (2686–2667 BC) Last pharaoh: Huni (2637–2613 BC) 4th Dynasty: 2613–2494 BC First pharaoh: Sneferu (2613–2589 BC) Last pharaoh: Shepseskaf (2503–2498 BC) 5th Dynasty: 2494–2345 BC First pharaoh: Userkaf (2494–2487 BC) Last pharaoh: Unas (2375–2345 BC) 6th Dynasty: 2345–2181 BC First pharaoh: Teti (2345–...
9th and 10th Dynasties: 2160–2025 BC First pharaoh: K hety (2160 BC–unknown) Last pharaoh: Merykara (unknown –2025 BC) 11th Dynasty (Thebes only): 2125–2055 BC First pharaoh: Intef I (2125–2112 BC) Last pharaoh: Intef III (2063–2055 BC) Key information: Centralised power weakens during this period, and Egypt is ruled by two competing dynasties. One...
11th Dynasty (all Egypt): 2055–1985 BC First pharaoh: Mentuhotep II (2055–2004 BC) Last pharaoh: Mentuhotep IV (1992–1985 BC) 12th Dynasty: 1985–1773 BC First pharaoh: Amenemhat I (1985–1956 BC) Last pharaoh: Queen Sobekneferu (1777–1773 BC) 13th Dynasty: 1773–after 1650 BC First pharaoh: Wegaf (1773 BC–unknown) Last pharaoh: Ay (exact dates unknow...
15th Dynasty: 1650–1550 BC First pharaoh: Salitis/Sekerher (1650 BC–unknown) Last pharaoh: Khamudi (exact dates unknown) 16th Dynasty: 1650–1580 BC Theban rulers contemporary with 15th Dynasty 17th Dynasty: c1580–1550 BC First pharaoh: Rahotep (c1580 BC–unknown) Last pharaoh: Kamose (1555–1550 BC) Key information: Egypt is once again ruled by compe...
18th Dynasty: 1550–1295 BC First pharaoh: Ahmose I (1550–1525 BC) Last pharaoh: Horemheb (1323–1295 BC)
19th Dynasty: 1295–1186 BC First pharaoh: Ramesses I (1295–1294 BC) Last pharaoh: Queen Tausret (1188–1186 BC) 20th Dynasty:1186–1069 BC First pharaoh: Sethnakht (1186–1184 BC) Last pharaoh: Ramesses XI (1099–1069 BC) Key information: Ahmose I drives the Hyksos from the Delta and reunites Egypt, ushering in nearly 500 years of political and economi...
21st Dynasty: 1069–945 BC First pharaoh: Smendes (1069–1043 BC) Last pharaoh: Psusennes II (959–945 BC) 22nd Dynasty: 945–715 BC First pharaoh: Sheshonq I (945–924 BC) Last pharaoh: Osorkon IV (unknown–715 BC) 23rd Dynasty: 818–715 BC (contemporary with late 22nd, 24th and early 25th dynasties) Pharaohs include: Pedubastis I, Takelot III, Iuput II ...
26th Dynasty: 664–525 BC First pharaoh: Psamtek I (664–610 BC) Last pharaoh: Psamtek III (526–525 BC) 27th Dynasty (1st Persian Period): 525–404 BC First pharaoh: Cambyses (525–522 BC) Last pharaoh: Artaxerxes II (405–359 BC) 28th Dynasty: 404–399 BC Only pharaoh: Amyrtaios (404–399 BC) 29th Dynasty: 399–380 BC First pharaoh: Nepherites I (399–393 ...
Macedonian Dynasty: 332–305 BC First pharaoh: Alexander the Great (332–323 BC) Last pharaoh: Alexander IV (317–310 BC, nominal ruler 310–305 BC) Ptolemaic Dynasty: 305 BC–30 AD First pharaoh: Ptolemy I Soter (305–285 BC) Last pharaoh: Ptolemy XV Caesarion (44–30 BC) Key information: After Alexander the Great’s death, rule passes to one of his gener...
- Charlotte Hodgman
Feb 3, 2019 · Explore the 2,700-year-long history of ancient Egypt from the Predynastic period to the Roman conquest. Learn about the rise and fall of the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms, the pyramids, the Hyksos, and more.
Feb 14, 2024 · Explore the rise and fall of the ancient Egyptian dynasties and the pharaohs who ruled them. Learn about the political, cultural, and religious achievements of the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms, from the pyramids to the Ramses dynasty.
