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chem.libretexts.org · Courses · Anoka-Ramsey15.2: Common Acids and Their Uses - Chemistry LibreTexts
Apr 20, 2023 · Nitric acid reacts with most metals, but the details depend on the concentration of the acid and the nature of the metal. Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid in its reaction with most metals. For example, magnesium, manganese, and zinc liberate hydrogen gas: Mg (s) + 2 HNO 3 (aq) → Mg(NO 3) 2 (aq) + H 2 (g)
sciencenotes.org · what-is-an-acid-in-chemistryWhat Is an Acid in Chemistry? Definition and Examples
- Acid Definition and Examples
- Amphoteric Species
- Strong and Weak Acids
- Monoprotic vs Polyprotic
- Superacids
- Properties of Acids
- References
There are three ways of defining an acid, based on the three main acid-basetheories. Some chemicals are acids under one definition, but not another. 1. Arrhenius acid: An Arrhenius acid increases the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration of an aqueous solution. Since hydrogen ions attach to water molecules, what this really means is an Arrhenius acid inc...
An amphoteric compoundacts as either an acid or a base, depending on the situation. Examples include water, amino acids, and metal oxides. For example, water donates a proton when it reacts with a base, but accepts a proton when it reacts with water.
The two broad categories of acids are strong acids and weak acids. 1. Strong acids completely dissociate into their ions in water (or other solvent, for Brønsted-Lowry acids). Examples include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and nitric acid (HNO3). There are only seven common strong acids. 2. Weak acids incompletely dissociate into their ions in a solvent,...
A monoprotic or monobasic acidonly donates one proton per molecule. An example is hydrochloric acid (HCl). HA (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ H3O+ (aq) + A−(aq) A polyprotic or polybasic acid can donate more than one proton per acid molecule. There are diprotic (dibasic) acid and triprotic (tribasic acids). For example, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a diprotic acid th...
A superacid is any acid that is stronger than sulfuric acid. The strongest acid is fluoroantimonic acid (HSbF6). It donates protons about a billiontimes better than sulfuric acid.
Acids display several characteristic properties: 1. Most taste sour. (Don’t test this.) 2. Most are corrosive. 3. They have pH values less than 7. 4. Acids turn litmus paperred. 5. In water, Arrhenius acids are electrolytes. In other words, they conduct electricity in aqueous solution. 6. Arrhenius acids react with bases to form salt and water. 7. ...
Finston, H.L.; Rychtman, A.C. (1983). A New View of Current Acid-Base Theories. New York: John Wiley & Sons. doi:10.1002/ciuz.19830170211Hall, Norris F. (March 1940). “Systems of Acids and Bases”. Journal of Chemical Education. 17 (3): 124–128. doi:10.1021/ed017p124IUPAC (1997). “Acid.” Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. doi:10.1351/goldbookJensen, W.B. (1980). The Lewis Acid-Base Concepts: An Overview. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-03902-0.- Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
- Acetic Acid. Acetic Acid: HC2H3O2. Also known as: ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, AcOH. Acetic acid is found in vinegar. Vinegar contains between 5 and 20 percent acetic acid.
- Boric Acid. Boric Acid: H3BO3. Also known as: acidum boricum, hydrogen orthoborate. Boric acid may be used as a disinfectant or pesticide. It's usually found as a white crystalline powder.
- Carbonic Acid. Carbonic Acid: CH2O3. Also known as: aerial acid, acid of air, dihydrogen carbonate, kihydroxyketone. Solutions of carbon dioxide in water (carbonated water) may be called carbonic acid.
- Citric Acid. Citric Acid: H3C6H5O7. Also known as: 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3-propanetricarboxylic acid. Citric acid is a weak organic acid that gets its name because it is a natural acid in citrus fruits.
Carbonic acid is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2CO3 H 2 CO 3 and is also a name sometimes given to solutions of carbon dioxide in water (carbonated water), because such solutions contain small amounts of H2CO3(aq) H 2 CO 3 (aq). Carbonic acid, which is a weak acid, forms two kinds of salts: the carbonates and the bicarbonates.
- Hydrochloric acid (HCl) In industry, hydrochloric acid is used for the production of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and fertilizers. It is found in the stomach where it plays a role in digestion.
- Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) One of the most widely used industrial chemicals is sulfuric acid, which is used in the production of fertilizer, detergents, and other products It is also used in the production of paper and textiles.
- Nitric acid (HNO3) Nitric acid is a strong, corrosive acid that is used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, and dyes. It is also used in the manufacture of nitroglycerin, which is used in medicine for the treatment of heart conditions.
- Acetic acid (CH3COOH) Acetic acid is a weak acid that is found in vinegar and is used in the production of plastics, textiles, and solvents. It is also used in the food industry as a preservative and flavoring agent.
Oct 15, 2022 · An everyday example where a pH indicator is used is for testing a water sample from a swimming pool. While pH indicators are useful for qualitative purposes, when an exact quantitative value is needed, a pH meter is used. A laboratory pH meter typically has a special probe capped with a membrane that is sensitive to \(\ce{H^+}\) ion concentrations.
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Jan 13, 2020 · An acid is a chemical species that donates protons or hydrogen ions and/or accepts electrons. Most acids contain a hydrogen atom bonded that can release (dissociate) to yield a cation and an anion in water. The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions produced by an acid, the higher its acidity and the lower the pH of the solution.
