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1. Top results related to examples of platform statements in database security

   • Database security issue in MSSQL vs. MYSQL

     Top Answer

     Answered Apr 30, 2011 · 2 votes

     For MS SQL there is tons of documentation on encryption, and based on what you said about MYSQL I think you will be most interested in the Cryptographic Functions.

     Note that I would be careful on which methods you encrypt with your own key, as a trace on the database or other means could be used to still obtain the key by inspecting the SQL commands you are sending.

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     1/5

   • Examples of Union in C

     Top Answer

     Answered May 09, 2023 · 43 votes

     One classic is to represent a value of "unknown" type, as in the core of a simplistic virtual machine:

     typedef enum { INTEGER, STRING, REAL, POINTER } Type;-typedef struct{ Type type; union { int integer; char *string; float real; void *pointer; } x;} Value;

     Using this you can write code that handles "values" without knowing their exact type, for instance implement a stack and so on.

     Since this is in (old, pre-C11) C, the inner union must be given a field name in the outer struct. In C++ you can let the union be anonymous. Picking this name can be hard. I tend to go with something single-lettered, since it is almost never referenced in isolation and thus it is always clear from context what is going on.

     Code to set a value to an integer might look like this:

     Value value_new_integer(int integer){ Value v; v.type = INTEGER; v.x.integer = integer; return v;}

     Here I use the fact that structs can be returned directly, and treated almost like values of a primitive type (you can assign structs).

     Other Answers

     Answered Apr 07, 2009 · 10 votes

     Unions are also commonly used in the lexical analysis and parsing stage of language processors, like compilers and interpreters. Here is one I'm editing right now.

     union { char c; int i; string *s; double d; Expression *e; ExpressionList *el; fpos_t fp;}

     The union is used to associate semantic values with the tokens of the lexical analyzer and the productions of the parser. This practice is quite common in grammar generators, like yacc, which provides explicit support for it. The union can hold any of its values, but only one of them at the time. For instance, at any one point from the input file you've either read a character constant (stored in c), or an integer (stored in i) or a floating point number (stored in d). The grammar generator provides considerable assistance for determining which of the values is stored at any one time depending on the rule being processed.

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     Answered Apr 07, 2009 · 10 votes

     Here's a little one I use every day:

     struct tagVARIANT { union { struct __tagVARIANT { VARTYPE vt; WORD wReserved1; WORD wReserved2; WORD wReserved3; union { LONG lVal; /* VT_I4 */ BYTE bVal; /* VT_UI1 */ SHORT iVal; /* VT_I2 */ FLOAT fltVal; /* VT_R4 */ DOUBLE dblVal; /* VT_R8 */ VARIANT_BOOL boolVal; /* VT_BOOL */ _VARIANT_BOOL bool; /* (obsolete) */ SCODE scode; /* VT_ERROR */ CY cyVal; /* VT_CY */ DATE date; /* VT_DATE */ BSTR bstrVal; /* VT_BSTR */ IUnknown * punkVal; /* VT_UNKNOWN */ IDispatch * pdispVal; /* VT_DISPATCH */ SAFEARRAY * parray; /* VT_ARRAY */ BYTE * pbVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_UI1 */ SHORT * piVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_I2 */ LONG * plVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_I4 */ FLOAT * pfltVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_R4 */ DOUBLE * pdblVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_R8 */ VARIANT_BOOL *pboolVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_BOOL */ SCODE * pscode; /* VT_BYREF|VT_ERROR */ CY * pcyVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_CY */ DATE * pdate; /* VT_BYREF|VT_DATE */ BSTR * pbstrVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_BSTR */ IUnknown ** ppunkVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_UNKNOWN */ IDispatch ** ppdispVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_DISPATCH */ SAFEARRAY ** pparray; /* VT_BYREF|VT_ARRAY */ VARIANT * pvarVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_VARIANT */ PVOID byref; /* Generic ByRef */ CHAR cVal; /* VT_I1 */ USHORT uiVal; /* VT_UI2 */ ULONG ulVal; /* VT_UI4 */ INT intVal; /* VT_INT */ UINT uintVal; /* VT_UINT */ DECIMAL * pdecVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_DECIMAL */ CHAR * pcVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_I1 */ USHORT * puiVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_UI2 */ ULONG * pulVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_UI4 */ INT * pintVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_INT */ UINT * puintVal; /* VT_BYREF|VT_UINT */ } __VARIANT_NAME_3; } __VARIANT_NAME_2; DECIMAL decVal; } __VARIANT_NAME_1;};

     This is the definition of the OLE automation variant data type. As you can see it has lots of possible types. There are lots of rules around the types you can use in different situations, depending on the capabilities of your intended client code. Not all types are supported by all languages.

     The types with VT_BYREF after them are used by languages such as VBScript that pass parameters by reference by default. This means if you have some code that cares about the variant structure details (such as C++) being called by code that doesn't (such as VB), then you have to carefully dereference the variant parameter if required.

     The byref types are also used to return values from functions. There is also support for array types using the weirdly misnamed SAFEARRAY type - so difficult to use from C++.

     If you have an array of strings, you can pass it to vbscript, but it cannot be used (except to print the size). To actually read the values, the array data needs to be of type VT_BYREF | VT_BSTR.

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     2/5

   • Examples of histomorphisms in Haskell

     Top Answer

     Answered Jul 27, 2014 · 21 votes

     Let's start by defining a data type that we will use as an example:

     data Nat = S Nat | Z-

     This data type encodes the natural numbers in Peano style. This means that we have 0 and a way to produce the successor of any natural number.

     We can construct new natural numbers from integers easily:

     -- Allow us to construct NatsmkNat :: Integer -> NatmkNat n | n < 0 = error "cannot construct negative natural number"mkNat 0 = ZmkNat n = S $ mkNat (n-1)

     Now, we'll first define a catamorphism for this type, because a histomorphism is quite similar to it and a catamorphism is easier to understand.

     A catamorphism allows to "fold" or "tear down" a structure. It only expects a function that knows how to fold the structure when all recursive terms have been folded already. Let's define such a type, similar to Nat, but with all recursive instances replaced by some value of type a:

     data NatF a = SF a | ZF -- Aside: this is just Maybe-

     Now, we can define the type of our catamorphism for Nat:

     cata :: (NatF a -> a) -> (Nat -> a)

     Given a function that knows how to fold the non-recursive structure NatF a to an a, cata turns that into a function to fold a whole Nat.

     The implementation of cata is quite simple: first fold the recursive subterm (if there is any) and the apply our function:

     cata f Z = f ZF -- No subterm to fold, base casecata f (S subterm) = f $ SF $ cata f subterm -- Fold subterm first, recursive case

     We can use this catamorphism to convert Nats back to Integers, like this:

     natToInteger :: Nat -> IntegernatToInteger = cata phi where -- We only need to provide a function to fold -- a non-recursive Nat-like structure phi :: NatF Integer -> Integer phi ZF = 0 phi (SF x) = x + 1

     So with cata, we get access to the value of the immediate subterm. But imagine we like to access the values of transitive subterms too, for example, when defining a fibonacci function. Then, we need not only access to the previous value, but also to the 2-nd previous value. This is where histomorphisms come into play.

     A histomorphism (histo sounds a lot like "history") allows us to access all previous values, not just the most recent one. This means we now get a list of values, not just a single one, so the type of histomorphism is:

     -- We could use the type NatF (NonEmptyList a) here.-- But because NatF is Maybe, NatF (NonEmptyList a) is equal to [a].-- Using just [a] is a lot simplerhisto :: ([a] -> a) -> Nat -> ahisto f = head . go where -- go :: Nat -> [a] -- This signature would need ScopedTVs go Z = [f []] go (S x) = let subvalues = go x in f subvalues : subvalues

     Now, we can define fibN as follows:

     -- Example: calculate the n-th fibonacci numberfibN :: Nat -> IntegerfibN = histo $ \x -> case x of (x:y:_) -> x + y _ -> 1

     Aside: even though it might appear so, histo is not more powerful than cata. You can see that yourself by implementing histo in terms of cata and the other way around.

     What I didn't show in the above example is that cata and histo can be implemented very generally if you define your type as a fixpoint of a functor. Our Nat type is just the fixed point of the Functor NatF.

     If you define histo in the generic way, then you also need to come up with a type like the NonEmptyList in our example, but for any functor. This type is precisely Cofree f, where f is the functor you took the fixed point of. You can see that it works for our example: NonEmptyList is just Cofree Maybe. This is how you get to the generic type of histo:

     histo :: Functor f => (f (Cofree f a) -> a) -> Fix f -- ^ This is the fixed point of f -> a

     You can think of f (Cofree f a) as kind of a stack, where with each "layer", you can see a less-folded structure. At the top of the stack, every immediate subterm is folded. Then, if you go one layer deeper, the immediate subterm is no longer folded, but the sub-subterms are all already folded (or evaluated, which might make more sense to say in the case of ASTs). So you can basically see "the sequence of reductions" that has been applied (= the history).

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     3/5

   • Examples of drop in R

     Top Answer

     Answered Sep 23, 2015 · 6 votes

     From the documentation of drop:

     Delete the dimensions of an array which have only one level.

     So, given the following matrix with just one column:

     m = matrix(1:10, 10, 1)-

     Drop reduces this to:

     drop(m) [1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10-

     which is a vector.

     So generally, drop drops a dimension of an array or matrix if it has a length of one and effectively is redundant.

     For its use in df[, drop = TRUE] I quote the documentation of ?'[':

     drop For matrices and arrays. If TRUE the result is coerced to the lowest possible dimension (see the examples). This only works for extracting elements, not for the replacement. See drop for further details.

     For data.frame's, drop has a similar effect: a data.frame of one column reduces to a vector.

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     4/5

   • Examples of mandatory type deduction in C++

     Top Answer

     Answered Jul 17, 2020 · 2 votes

     A simple example is initialisation of a lambda variable. The type of the lambda is anonymous, therefore it cannot be named explicitly and must be deduced:

     auto var = [capture]{};-

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2. azure.microsoft.com › what-is-database-securityDatabase Security Best Practices and Solutions | Microsoft Azure

   azure.microsoft.com › what-is-database-security

   • Cached

   Database security best practices. We've discussed that how to secure a database includes encrypting data, authenticating only authorized users against the database or application, limiting user access to the appropriate subset of the data, and continuous monitoring and auditing of activities.

3. www.ibm.com › topics › database-securityDatabase Security: An Essential Guide | IBM

   www.ibm.com › topics › database-security

   • Cached

   Database security refers to the range of tools, controls and measures designed to establish and preserve database confidentiality, integrity and availability.

4. stackoverflow.com › questions › 8263371security - How can prepared statements protect from SQL ...

   stackoverflow.com › questions › 8263371

   • Cached

   Nov 25, 2011 · Basically, with prepared statements the data coming in from a potential hacker is treated as data - and there's no way it can be intermixed with your application SQL and/or be interpreted as SQL (which can happen when data passed in is placed directly into your application SQL).

   Code sample

   String sql = "SELECT paymentType, amount FROM employee WHERE name = 'bob' AND paymentType=?";

   System.out.println(sql);

   PreparedStatement stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);

   stmt.setString(1, args[0]);

   ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery();...

   See more on stackoverflow

5. www.paloaltonetworks.com › blog › prisma-cloudData Security Platforms: 9 Key Capabilities and Evaluation ...

   www.paloaltonetworks.com › blog › prisma-cloud

   • Cached

   Mar 12, 2024 · A data security platform detects and classifies shadow data across structured and unstructured storage — enabling security teams to address potential vulnerabilities and reduce the risks associated with unmonitored environments.

6. www.netsolutions.com › insights › the-ultimate-guideAn Ultimate Guide to Database Security - Net Solutions

   www.netsolutions.com › insights › the-ultimate-guide

   • Cached

   Mar 31, 2022 · The ideal database security configuration will include the use of a tool or platform that can provide data analysis from the entire system to help get a more complete picture of risk, optimization, and reporting capabilities.

7. www.upguard.com › blog › 11-steps-to-secure-sql11 Steps to Secure SQL in 2024 | UpGuard

   www.upguard.com › blog › 11-steps-to-secure-sql

   • Cached

   Jan 22, 2024 · 1. Isolate the Database Server. Production database servers should be isolated as much as possible from other applications and services. Dedicated DB servers have a smaller footprint and hence attack surface, and there’s no need to worry about contending resources or conflicting traffic.

8. People also ask

   What is a data security platform?

   • A data security platform detects and classifies shadow data across structured and unstructured storage — enabling security teams to address potential vulnerabilities and reduce the risks associated with unmonitored environments. 7. Malware Analysis

   Data Security Platforms: 9 Key Capabilities and Evaluation Criteria

   www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/prisma-cloud/data-security-platform-capabilities-criteria/

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   How can a data security platform improve security?

   • Since agent-based solutions often aren't viable, data security platforms need to use alternative methods, such as monitoring cloud logs, to identify anomalous access patterns or suspicious behavior related to sensitive data. Swift detection enables security teams to mitigate threats more effectively. 6. Shadow Data Detection

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   www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/prisma-cloud/data-security-platform-capabilities-criteria/

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   Why do Organizations need a data security platform?

   • Organizations are increasingly storing data across multiple public cloud platforms (e.g., Azure and Snowflake). To streamline operations and reduce complexity, data security platforms should allow organizations to apply the same security policies and threat modeling across multicloud environments.

   Data Security Platforms: 9 Key Capabilities and Evaluation Criteria

   www.paloaltonetworks.com/blog/prisma-cloud/data-security-platform-capabilities-criteria/

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   Can a prepared statement be interpreted as SQL?

   • Basically, with prepared statements the data coming in from a potential hacker is treated as data - and there's no way it can be intermixed with your application SQL and/or be interpreted as SQL (which can happen when data passed in is placed directly into your application SQL).

   How can prepared statements protect from SQL injection attacks?

   stackoverflow.com/questions/8263371/how-can-prepared-statements-protect-from-sql-injection-attacks

   See all results for this question

9. security.stackexchange.com › questions › 15214Are prepared statements 100% safe against SQL injection?

   security.stackexchange.com › questions › 15214

   • Cached

   May 22, 2012 · In principle, your database (or library in your language that is interacting with the db) could implement prepared statements with bound parameters in an unsafe way susceptible to some sort of advanced attack, say exploiting buffer overflows or having null-terminating characters in user-provided strings, etc.