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The r-passive (mediopassive voice) was initially thought to be an innovation restricted to Italo-Celtic until it was found to be a retained archaism shared with Hittite, Tocharian, and possibly the Phrygian language.
An alternative theory, suggested by Eric P. Hamp, is that Phrygian was most closely related to Italo-Celtic languages. Inscriptions. The Phrygian epigraphical material is divided into two distinct subcorpora, Old Phrygian and New Phrygian. These attest different stages of the Phrygian language, are written with different alphabets and upon ...
This chapter discusses the evidence for the existence of an intermediate subgroup Proto-Italo-Celtic, the parent of Proto-Italic and Proto-Celtic. The chapter also examines the connections between Italic and Celtic and the other northwest Indo-European subgroups.
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Was Phrygian related to Italo-Celtic languages?
Why is Phrygian language different from Luwian and Hittite?
Why is Phrygian a special language?
Is Phrygian a cultic language?
Those scholars who believe Proto-Italo-Celtic was an identifiable historical language usually estimate that it was spoken in the third or second millennium BC somewhere in south-central Europe. This hypothesis fell out of favour after being reexamined by Calvert Watkins in 1966. [1]
Phrygian has a special status in that it is an Indo-European language found in Anatolia that does not share the defining features of the so-called Anatolian languages, a group of Hittite, Luwian, and related languages; presumably, its presence in the region reflects a later population movement.
It is notably different from Luwian and Hittite, the principal Bronze Age Anatolian languages, suggesting that the Phrygian language was intrusive into Anatolia, introduced through immigration from northern Greece or the Balkans. There is less consistency in the ancient literary sources on the date of the migration.
Phrygian was an Indo-European language related to Dacian and Thracian and belonging to the Paleo-Balkan branch of languages. It was spoken in Central Asia Minor until about the 5th century AD. The earliest known inscriptions in Phyrgian date from the 8th century BC and were written in an alphabet derived from Phoenician.
