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  1. List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number. The Hornbostel–Sachs system categorizes musical instruments by how they make sound. It divides instruments into five groups: idiophones, membranophones, chordophones, aerophones, and electrophones. A number of instruments also exist outside the five main classes.

    • Idiophones. Idiophones are instruments which make sound primarily by way of the instrument itself vibrating without the use of membranes or strings. 11.
    • Membranophones. Membranophones are instruments which make sound primarily by way of a vibrating membrane. This includes all drums. 21. Struck drums. Bass drum.
    • Chordophones. Chordophones are instruments that produce sound primarily by the vibration of a string or strings. Gayageum. Geomungo. 31. Simple chordophones.
    • Aerophones. Aerophones are instruments in which the vibrating air itself is the primary cause of sound. This can include a column of air being set in vibration (as in wind instruments) or an air-flow being interrupted by an edge (as in free-reeds).
  2. This paper discusses the Hornbostel-Sachs Classification of Musical Instruments. This classification system was originally designed for musical instruments and books about instruments, and was first published in German in 1914.

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  4. Sachs-Hornbostel Classification of Musical Instruments . IDIOPHONES The substance of the instrument itself, owing to its solidity and elasticity, yields the sounds, without requiring stretched membranes or strings .

  5. This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.322 under that system. These instruments may be known as necked box lutes or necked guitars.