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Newton’s first law of motion states the following: A body at rest tends to remain at rest. A body in motion tends to remain in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force. (Recall that constant velocity means that the body moves in a straight line and at a constant speed.)
Newton’s First Law of Motion: Inertia. Define mass and inertia. Understand Newton's first law of motion. 4.3. Newton’s Second Law of Motion: Concept of a System. Define net force, external force, and system. Understand Newton’s second law of motion. Apply Newton’s second law to determine the weight of an object. 4.4.
Feb 20, 2022 · Newton’s first law of motion states that a body at rest remains at rest, or, if in motion, remains in motion at a constant velocity unless acted on by a net external force. This is also known as the law of inertia. Inertia is the tendency of an object to remain at rest or remain in motion. Inertia is related to an object’s mass.
First Law: The Law of Inertia An object at rest will remain at rest unless, until acted upon by an external force. An object moving at constant velocity will continue to move at constant velocity
- 5.1 INTRODUCTION
- 5.5 NEWTON’S SECOND LAW OF MOTION
- Momentum
- Impulse
- 5.6 NEWTON’S THIRD LAW OF MOTION
- 5.7 CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM
- 5.9 COMMON FORCES IN MECHANICS
- 5.11 SOLVING PROBLEMS IN MECHANICS
In the preceding Chapter, our concern was to describe the motion of a particle in space quantitatively. We saw that uniform motion needs the concept of velocity alone whereas non-uniform motion requires the concept of acceleration in addition. So far, we have not asked the question as to what governs the motion of bodies. In this chapter, we turn ...
The first law refers to the simple case when the net external force on a body is zero. The second law of motion refers to the general situation when there is a net external force acting on the body. It relates the net external force to the acceleration of the body.
Momentum of a body is defined to be the product of its mass m and velocity v, and is denoted by p: = m v (5.1) Momentum is clearly a vector quantity. The following common experiences indicate the importance of this quantity for considering the effect of force on motion. Suppose a light-weight vehicle (say a small car) and a heavy weight vehicle (s...
We sometimes encounter examples where a large force acts for a very short duration producing a finite change in momentum of the body. For example, when a ball hits a wall and bounces back, the force on the ball by the wall acts for a very short time when the two are in contact, yet the force is large enough to reverse the momentum of the ball. Ofte...
The second law relates the external force on a body to its acceleration. What is the origin of the external force on the body ? What agency provides the external force ? The simple answer in Newtonian mechanics is that the external force on a body always arises due to some other body. Consider a pair of bodies A and B. B gives rise to an externa...
The second and third laws of motion lead to an important consequence: the law of conservation of momentum. Take a familiar example. A bullet is fired from a gun. If the force on the bullet by the gun is F, the force on the gun by the bullet is –F, according to the third law. The two forces act for a common interval of time ∆t. According to the s...
In mechanics, we encounter several kinds of forces. The gravitational force is, of course, pervasive. Every object on the earth experiences the force of gravity due to the earth. Gravity also governs the motion of celestial bodies. The gravitational force can act at a distance without the need of any intervening medium. All the other forces commo...
The three laws of motion that you have learnt in this chapter are the foundation of mechanics. You should now be able to handle a large variety of problems in mechanics. A typical problem in mechanics usually does not merely involve a single body under the action of given forces. More often, we will need to consider an assembly of different bodies...
The net force of an object is equal to the product of its mass and acceleration, or F=ma. When mass is in kilograms and acceleration is in m/s/s, the unit of force is in Newton (N). One newton is equal to the force required to accelerate one kilogram of mass at one meter/second/second. 3rd Law.
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Application of Newton’s laws: Prescription Step 1: Divide a composite system into constituent systems each of which can be treated as a point mass. Step 2: Draw free body force diagrams for each point mass. Step 3: Introduce a coordinate system, the inertial frame, and write the equations of motion.
