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The Pantheon is an ancient Roman building in Rome, Italy, that is renowned for its large concrete dome. The building was begun in 27 bc by the statesman Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. It was probably originally a rectangular building.
The Roman Pantheon was revolutionary for how it combined a conventional portico with a large, domed interior space. Many famous buildings were later inspired by this style, including the United States Capitol building and the Duomo di Firenze in Florence. How can I teach the Roman Pantheon to children?
- Etymology
- History
- Structure
- Catholic Additions
- Gallery
- Cardinal Deaconry
- Influence
- See Also
The name "Pantheon" is from the Ancient Greek "Pantheion" (Πάνθειον) meaning "of, relating to, or common to all the gods": (pan- / "παν-" meaning "all" + theion / "θεῖον"= meaning "of or sacred to a god"). The simplest explanation for the name is that the Pantheon was a temple dedicated to all the gods. However, the concept of a temple dedicated to...
Ancient
In the aftermath of the Battle of Actium (31 BC), Marcus Agrippa started an impressive building program. The Pantheon was a part of the complex created by him on his own property in the Campus Martius in 29–19 BC, which included three buildings aligned from south to north: the Baths of Agrippa, the Basilica of Neptune, and the Pantheon. It seems likely that the Pantheon and the Basilica of Neptune were Agrippa's sacra privata, not aedes publicae(public temples). The former would help explain...
Medieval
In 609, the Byzantine emperor Phocas gave the building to Pope Boniface IV, who converted it into a Christian church and consecrated it to St. Mary and the Martyrs on 13 May 609: "Another Pope, Boniface, asked the same [Emperor Phocas, in Constantinople] to order that in the old temple called the Pantheon, after the pagan filth was removed, a church should be made, to the holy virgin Mary and all the martyrs, so that the commemoration of the saints would take place henceforth where not gods b...
Renaissance
Since the Renaissance the Pantheon has been the site of several important burials. Among those buried there are the painters Raphael and Annibale Carracci, the composer Arcangelo Corelli, and the architect Baldassare Peruzzi. In the 15th century, the Pantheon was adorned with paintings: the best-known is the Annunciation by Melozzo da Forlì. Filippo Brunelleschi, among other architects, looked to the Pantheon as inspiration for their works. Pope Urban VIII (1623 to 1644) ordered the bronze ce...
Portico
The building was originally approached by a flight of steps. Later construction raised the level of the ground leading to the portico, eliminating these steps. The pediment was decorated with relief sculpture, probably of gilded bronze. Holes marking the location of clamps that held the sculpture suggest that its design was likely an eagle within a wreath; ribbons extended from the wreath into the corners of the pediment. On the intermediate block between the portico and the rotunda, the rema...
Rotunda
The 4,535-tonne (4,463-long-ton; 4,999-short-ton) weight of the Roman concrete dome is concentrated on a ring of voussoirs 9.1 metres (30 ft) in diameter that form the oculus, while the downward thrust of the dome is carried by eight barrel vaults in the 6.4-metre-thick (21 ft) drum wall into eight piers. The thickness of the dome varies from 6.4 metres (21 ft) at the base of the dome to 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) around the oculus. The materials used in the concrete of the dome also vary. At its th...
Interior
Upon entry, visitors are greeted by an enormous rounded room covered by the dome. The oculus at the top of the dome was never covered, allowing rainfall through the ceiling and onto the floor. Because of this, the interior floor is equipped with drains and has been built with an incline of about 30 centimetres (12 in) to promote water runoff. The interior of the dome was possibly intended to symbolize the arched vault of the heavens. The oculus at the dome's apex and the entry door are the on...
The present high altars and the apses were commissioned by Pope Clement XI (1700–1721) and designed by Alessandro Specchi. Enshrined on the apse above the high altar is a 7th-century Byzantine icon of the Virgin and Child, given by Phocas to Pope Boniface IV on the occasion of the dedication of the Pantheon for Christian worship on 13 May 609. The ...
Pantheon during a cloudy dayThe dome photographed with a fisheye lensin 2016Pantheon 2013Tomb of King Victor Emmanuel II, "Father of the Country"On 23 July 1725, the Pantheon was established as Cardinal-deaconry of S. Maria ad Martyres, i.e. a titular church for a cardinal-deacon. On 26 May 1929, this deaconry was suppressed to establish the Cardinal Deaconry of S. Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine.
As the best-preserved example of an Ancient Roman monumental building, the Pantheon has been enormously influential in Western architecture from at least the Renaissance on; starting with Brunelleschi's 42-metre (138 ft) dome of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, completed in 1436. Among the most notable versions are the church of Santa Maria Assun...
In Spanish: Panteón de Agripa para niños 1. Romanian Athenaeum 2. Panthéon, Paris 3. Pantheon, Moscow (never built) 4. Manchester Central Library 5. Volkshalle higher (never built) 6. The Rotunda (University of Virginia), United States 7. Auditorium of Southeast University, Southeast University, China General: 1. List of Roman domes 2. History of R...
- Zeus or Jupiter. King of the gods is Zeus – or his Roman equivalent, Jupiter – who rules over Mount Olympus and is the god of thunder and lightning, as well as law and order.
- Hera or Juno. Hera – or Juno in Roman religion – is the wife and sister of Zeus, and is queen of the gods. Her symbols are the peacock, the cuckoo and the cow – animals she considered sacred – and her chariot is pulled by peacocks instead of horses.
- Poseidon or Neptune. God of the sea, horses and earthquakes, Poseidon – or Neptune – is often shown driving a chariot of horses or sea creatures and wielding the trident he used to control the waves.
- Ares or Mars. This Romano-British statuette shows Mars, the god of war, fully decked out in his characteristic armour, missing the original spear and shield he would once have held.
Illustrated Introduction to the Greek pantheon of god, including types of gods and individuals. This page links to in depth profiles of each god.
Jul 20, 2024 · The Panthéon ( French: [pɑ̃.te.ɔ̃] , from the Classical Greek word πάνθειον, pántheion, ' [temple] to all the gods') is a monument in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, France. It stands in the Latin Quarter (Quartier latin), atop the Montagne Sainte-Geneviève, in the centre of the Place du Panthéon, which was named after it.
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Apr 9, 2018 · The Pantheon (Latin: pantheum) is the best-preserved building from ancient Rome and was completed in c. 125 CE. Its magnificent concrete dome is a lasting testimony to the genius of Roman architects.
