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Loading... - Neo-Confucianism. Neo-Confucianism emerged as a dominant philosophical and ethical system during the Song Dynasty. It was a fusion of Confucian principles with elements of Buddhist and Daoist thought.
- Innovations in agriculture. The Song Dynasty saw significant advancements in agricultural practices. The adoption of Champa rice, a high-yield variety from Southeast Asia, led to increased food production and helped support a growing population.
- Printing technology. The Song Dynasty made pioneering strides in printing technology. Bi Sheng is often credited with inventing movable clay type, which laid the foundation for later developments in printing.
- Gunpowder discovery. Gunpowder was discovered and utilized during the Song Dynasty. Initially invented for medicinal and pyrotechnic purposes, its potential for military applications was recognized.
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Learn about the Song dynasty (960-1279), a period of brilliant cultural achievements in China. Explore its history, politics, economy, religion, literature, art, and more.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Learn about the scientific, technological, economic, and cultural achievements of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 AD) in China. Discover how the Song Dynasty invented the movable type printing press, paper currency, gunpowder, and more.
- The Pre-Modern Economic Revolution Took Place During Its Reign
- It Was The First Government to Issue Banknotes
- The Civil Service Examination System Was Given Unprecedented Importance
- The First Permanent Standing Chinese Navy Was Established
- First Use of Compass For Navigation
- The Famous Astronomical Tower at Kaifeng Was Created
- Movable Type Printing Was Invented
- Architecture Reached New Heights
- Several Notable Advances Were Made in Mathematics
- Forensic Science Developed Due to The Work of Song Ci
During the three century reign of Song dynasty, China experienced sustained growth in per capita income. The economy was transformed due to unprecedented technological and agricultural growth coupled with effective governance. A unified tax system and efficient trade routes helped in the development of a truly nationwide market. There was also a si...
The expansion of economy was unprecedented during the Song Dynasty. Due to this the copper currency was driven to a rate of 6 billion coins a year. Short of copper, Song government turned to other type of materials, including paper banknotes. This was the world’s earliest true paper money. The economic advantages of printing paper money led to subs...
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China to select candidates for the state bureaucracy. It was started as early as the Han Dynasty and was built into a comprehensive system during the Tang era. During the Song Dynasty, the system gained unprecedented importance and was virtually the only means for drafting ...
It was during the Song Dynasty that a permanent, standing navy wasfirst established in China in 1132, primarily to fight the Jin Dynasty. At its heights during the late twelfth century it consisted of 20 squadrons of some 52,000 marines. Many of the Song naval warships were paddle-wheel driven crafts which were considered essential for success in b...
An important innovation during the Song period was the magnetic mariner’s compass. It allowed navigation in open sea far from the shore as it removed dependence on weather. It was first described by great Chinese polymath Shen Kuo of Song Dynasty in his 1088 work Dream Pool Essays. The use of compass for navigation was an important step in the hist...
Chain drive is a way of transmitting mechanical power from one place to another. The earliest known endless power-transmitting chain drive in the world was used by polymath Su Song of the Song Dynasty in his famous hydraulic-powered astronomical clock tower. His astronomical clock, which was erected in the capital city of Kaifeng in the year 1088, ...
In movable type printing, movable components are used to reproduce the elements of a document. This system of printing was invented during the Song Dynasty reign by artisan Bi Sheng (990–1051). Movable type, alongside woodblock printing, allowed mass production of bookswhich could be sold at affordable prices. This led to an expansion in the educat...
Architecture reached new heights during Song Dynasty reign. Prominent structures include Iron Pagoda at Kaifeng, which is considered a masterpiece of Song dynasty architecture; Liaodi Pagoda at Dingzhou, which stands at a height of 84 metres (276 ft) and is tallest brick pagoda in the world; and Liuhe Pagoda in Hangzhou. Apart from pagodas, enormou...
Jia Xian of Song Dynasty invented the Jia Xian triangle, which was a version of Pascal’s triangle used to determine binomial coefficients. He explained it in 1100, around 500 years before French mathematician Blaise Pascal. Song mathematician Yang Hui is the first known person in whose work quadratic equations with negative coefficients of ‘x’ appe...
The first account of using scientific methods to solve criminal cases is attributed to the book of Xi Yuan Lu (Washing Away of Wrongs) by Song physician and judge Song Ci. The book is considered a pioneering work of forensic science. It gives advice on how to distinguish between the causes of death (strangulation, poisoning, drowning, blows, etc.) ...
Sep 26, 2017 · Learn about the Song dynasty, which ruled China from 960 to 1279 CE, and its achievements in politics, economy, arts, and science. Explore the challenges, reforms, and legacy of the Northern and Southern Song periods.
- Mark Cartwright
May 18, 2023 · Learn about the Song dynasty's achievements in printing, paper money, gunpowder, compass, clock tower, armillary sphere, star chart and solar terms calendar. Discover how these inventions and innovations shaped China's culture, trade and warfare.
The Song dynasty (/ s ʊ ŋ /) was an imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 960 to 1279. The dynasty was founded by Emperor Taizu of Song, who usurped the throne of the Later Zhou dynasty and went on to conquer the rest of the Ten Kingdoms, ending the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
