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    • Source. The source imagines, creates, and sends (encodes) the message either through speaking, writing, conversation, or another communication channel. In public speaking, the source is the person giving the speech.
    • Channel. The channel is the means or medium through which a message is sent. In business or social situations, common channels are face-to face (conversation, interview, public speech); written (email, text message, letter); social media (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram); and mass media (television, radio, newspapers).
    • Message. The message is the meaning conveyed to the receiver, whether intended or unintended (McLean, 2005). Do not make the mistake of thinking the message is created only through words.
    • Receiver. The receiver is the individual for whom the communication is intended. It is he or she who analyzes and interprets (decodes) the message in ways both intended and unintended by the source (McLean, 2005).
  1. Jan 1, 2001 · PDF | On Jan 1, 2001, L. Leydesdorff published A Sociological Theory of Communication: The Self-Organization of the Knowledge-Based Society | Find, read and cite all the research you need on...

  2. Mar 18, 2024 · The article shows that Freitag’s dialectical sociology and symbolic materialism are important contributions to the critical sociology of communication and technology that can help to analyse social and technological developments in digital capitalism.

  3. What is Communication? Professor of sociology at the University of Bielefeld, Postfach 8640, D-4800 Bielefeld I, Germany. His recent publications in English include Essays on Self-Reference (Columbia University Press, 1990) and Political Theory in the Welfare State (De Gruyter, 1990).

    • Niklas Luhmann
    • 1992
  4. Sep 25, 2016 · Regardless of the adopted definition, communication involves two types of participants—the sender and the receiver—and the process consists of the following elements: communication, code, channel, information gap, noise, feedback, and a system of reference (Potocki et al. 2011, p. 31).

    • Anna Rogala, Sylwester Bialowas
    • 2016
  5. May 24, 2019 · The article uses the foundations of Sigman’s Social Communication Theory (SCT) to probe what a general theory of communication might look like if it conceives medium not as existing prior to communication but rather as made in the very process of communicating itself.

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  7. Jun 5, 2008 · A model is a simplified description in graphic form of some aspect of reality. A model of communication seeks to show the main elements of any structure or process of human social action and the relations between these elements, plus any flow or exchange that takes place.

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