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Government of Haryana, also known as the State Government of Haryana, or locally as the Haryana Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Haryana and its 22 districts.
- Overview
- Constitutional framework
- Health and welfare
- Education
- Cultural life
- History
The governmental structure of Haryana, like that of most Indian states, is defined by the national constitution of 1950. The governor, appointed by the president of India, is the head of the state. The Council of Ministers, which is led by a chief minister and is accountable to the state’s Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha), assists and advises the governor. Haryana’s legislature is a unicameral body; members are normally elected to a five-year term. The state has a common High Court with Punjab.
Haryana comprises six divisions, each of which consists of a number of districts. Divisional commissioners oversee the divisions, while each district is headed by a deputy commissioner. The council (panchayat) system of self-government operates at the village level.
The governmental structure of Haryana, like that of most Indian states, is defined by the national constitution of 1950. The governor, appointed by the president of India, is the head of the state. The Council of Ministers, which is led by a chief minister and is accountable to the state’s Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha), assists and advises the governor. Haryana’s legislature is a unicameral body; members are normally elected to a five-year term. The state has a common High Court with Punjab.
Haryana comprises six divisions, each of which consists of a number of districts. Divisional commissioners oversee the divisions, while each district is headed by a deputy commissioner. The council (panchayat) system of self-government operates at the village level.
A network of district and subdivisional hospitals and primary health centres provides health and medical services throughout Haryana. Since the early 1990s all villages in the state have had access to safe drinking water. The state government provides loans and grants to members of traditionally disadvantaged communities for agricultural, industria...
Education has been given a high priority in the state’s development program, and both the government and private organizations have made a significant contribution to the promotion of education at all levels. However, while thousands of primary and secondary schools have ensured that basic education is available throughout the state, much of the population—especially rural women—remained unable to read in the early 21st century. In an effort to reverse this tendency, the state has continued to provide assistance to students from socially and economically disadvantaged backgrounds to pursue education of all sorts.
Several universities and hundreds of smaller colleges offer postsecondary education in or near Haryana’s larger towns and cities. Among the state’s most prominent tertiary institutions are the National Dairy Research Institute (1923) at Karnal and Kurukshetra University (1956) and the National Institute of Technology (1963), both at Kurukshetra, in the northeastern region; Maharshi Dayanand University (1976) at Rohtak, in central Haryana; and Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (1970; including a renowned college of veterinary sciences) and Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology (1995), both at Hisar, in the northwest. Of the smaller colleges, most provide general education, and many are exclusively for women.
Haryana’s cultural life reflects both the seasonal rhythm of its agricultural economy and a treasure of traditions and legends with roots in ancient India. The boisterous spring festival of Holi is celebrated by people showering coloured powder (or coloured powder mixed with water) on each other, irrespective of age or social status. Janmasthami, the birthday of Krishna (an incarnation of the god Vishnu), is of special religious importance in Haryana because it was on a battlefield at Kurukshetra that Krishna is said to have delivered to the warrior Arjuna the teachings contained in the Bhagavadgita (a part of the epic known as the Mahabharata). Festivals in honour of other deities and saints are also an important element of the state’s cultural life, as are cattle fairs, which are held at a number of locations.
Many prominent pilgrimage sites are located in Haryana. The solar eclipse bathing festival at Kurukshetra invariably attracts hundreds of thousands of pilgrims from various parts of India. Pehowa, in north-central Haryana, is an important pilgrimage centre as well. Situated on the bank of the sacred Sarasvati River (identified with Sarasvati, a Hindu goddess of learning and the arts), it is considered a premier place for performing propitiatory rites for ancestors (shraddha). Rites to ensure the salvation of the souls of those who died unnatural deaths or who died in bed are also performed at Pehowa.
The Vedas, the most ancient manuscripts of the Vedic religion, stem from the area that is now known as Haryana. These Sanskrit documents were written by the Aryans, who descended into the region from the north between 2000 and 1500 bce. Haryana is also considered to be the birthplace of Hinduism, which began to take discernible shape by the 2nd century bce and had developed two distinct branches by the 4th century ce.
Lying across the route of overland incursion into India, Haryana has experienced many waves of migration over the millennia; a notable invasion was led by Alexander the Great in 326 bce. The area also has been the site of numerous decisive battles of Indian history. Among the most significant of these conflicts were the Battles of Panipat, which occurred in 1526, when the Mughal leader Bābur defeated Ibrāhīm Lodī and established Mughal rule in India; in 1556, when Afghan forces were defeated by the army of the Mughal emperor Akbar; and in 1761, when Aḥmad Shah ʿAbdāli decisively defeated the Marathas, paving the way for British control in India. Also important was the Battle of Karnal, in 1739, when Nāder Shah of Persia dealt a blow to the crumbling Mughal Empire.
The area included in the present state of Haryana was ceded to the British East India Company in 1803. In 1832 it was transferred to the then North-Western Provinces of British India, and in 1858 Haryana became a part of Punjab. The union between Haryana and Punjab was awkward, however, largely because of religious and linguistic differences between the two regions: Punjabi-speaking Sikhs of Punjab vis-à-vis Hindi-speaking Hindus of Haryana. By the first decades of the 20th century, agitation for a separate state of Haryana was well under way, led most notably by Lala Lajpat Rai and Asaf Ali, both prominent figures in the Indian national movement, as well as by Neki Ram Sharma, who headed a committee to cultivate the concept of an autonomous state.
Haryana remained part of Punjab after the partition of India and Indian independence in 1947, but the demand for separate states—supported by both Hindus and Sikhs—continued, undiminished. Indeed, the movement gained momentum, reaching its fullest intensity in the early 1960s. Finally, with the passage of the Punjab Reorganization Act (and in accordance with the earlier recommendations of the States Reorganization Commission), Haryana was separated from Punjab in 1966 to become the 17th state of India.
May 10, 2024 · Haryana govt, led by Nayab Singh Saini, grapples with turmoil as independents withdraw support, post BJP-JJP split. Congress gains momentum, while opposition demands President's Rule. Governor's role crucial in the evolving political scenario.
- Prabhakar Jha
23 hours ago · The ministry was formed on 12 March 2024 when Manohar Lal Khattar resigned after ending the coalition of BJP-JJP alliance (2019 - 2024). Governor Bandaru Dattatreya administered the oath of office and secrecy to the new leader of the Haryana Legislative Assembly and Lok Sabha member from Kurukshetra, Nayab Singh of the BJP and 5 other legislators at Raj Bhavan, Chandigarh.
Sep 2, 2024 · The Vamana Purana states that King Kuru ploughed the field of Kurukshetra with a golden ploughshare drawn by the Nandi of Lord Shiva and reclaimed an area of seven Kosas. Replete with myths, legends and vedic references, Haryana’s past is steeped in glory.
6 days ago · Congress Haryana List of Candidates: Chief Minister Bhupinder Singh Hooda will contest from Garhi Sampla-Kiloi seat, state unit chief Udai Bhan for Hodal, and wrestler Vinesh Phogat for Julana.
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May 10, 2024 · The Haryana government, led by Chief Minister Nayab Singh Saini, is in crisis as three independent MLAs withdraw their support, following the BJP's split with the Jannayak Janata Party (JJP) and Saini's appointment. The Congress, with 31 seats, gains momentum, challenging the BJP's 40 seats.
