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The lists below are from IARC and NTP. More information on each of these known and probable human carcinogens can be found on their websites. To learn more about these agencies and how they study and classify cancer causes, see Determining if Something Is a Carcinogen.
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According to the most recent estimates by the Global Burden of Disease Project, an independent academic research organization, about 34 000 cancer deaths per year worldwide are attributable to diets high in processed meat.
- Red meat refers to all mammalian muscle meat, including, beef, veal, pork, lamb, mutton, horse, and goat.
- Processed meat refers to meat that has been transformed through salting, curing, fermentation, smoking, or other processes to enhance flavour or im...
- An international advisory committee that met in 2014 recommended red meat and processed meat as high priorities for evaluation by the IARC Monograp...
- Cooking at high temperatures or with the food in direct contact with a flame or a hot surface, as in barbecuing or pan-frying, produces more of cer...
- There were no data to address this question in relation to cancer risk. However, the separate question of risk of infection from consumption of raw...
- In the case of red meat, the classification is based on limited evidence from epidemiological studies showing positive associations between eating...
- This category is used when there is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans. In other words, there is convincing evidence that the agent c...
- No, processed meat has been classified in the same category as causes of cancer such as tobacco smoking and asbestos (IARC Group 1, carcinogenic to...
- The strongest, but still limited, evidence for an association with eating red meat is for colorectal cancer. There is also evidence of links with p...
Jul 8, 2022 · This study from the Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics (DCEG) lists a variety of foods, beverages, and additives that are strongly suspected or confirmed to increase cancer risk, including: Alcohol: Ethanol itself hasn’t been established as a carcinogen, but researchers believe it creates a carcinogenic byproduct.
Feb 3, 2022 · Around one-third of deaths from cancer are due to tobacco use, high body mass index, alcohol consumption, low fruit and vegetable intake, and lack of physical activity. In addition, air pollution is an important risk factor for lung cancer.
Jul 5, 2024 · For definitions of these groups, please see the Preamble. It is strongly recommended to consult the complete Monographs on these agents, the publication date, and the list of studies considered. Significant new information might support a different classification.
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Feb 1, 2024 · FDA allows 4 known carcinogens to be used in food—even though there are safer alternatives. EDF's new petition asks FDAto end the use of these toxic chemicals.
