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EARLY CIVILIZATIONS AND THE EMERGENCE OF PASTORAL PEOPLES, 4000-1000 BCE. Standard 1: The major characteristics of civilization and how civilizations emerged in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Indus valley. Standard 2: How agrarian societies spread and new states emerged in the third and second millennia BCE
The 2nd millennium BC spanned the years 2000 BC to 1001 BC. In the Ancient Near East, it marks the transition from the Middle to the Late Bronze Age . The Ancient Near Eastern cultures are well within the historical era: The first half of the millennium is dominated by the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and Babylonia. The alphabet develops.
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Beginning late in the second millennium BCE, people in both Southwest Asia and East Africa, independently of each other, acquired the knowledge of how to smelt iron and work it into useful objects. This technology rapidly spread across most of Afroeurasia.
In the second half of the third millennium BCE, Sumerian city-states fought each other, and dynasties rose and fell. Kings consolidated power over multiple city-states in the region. Then, King Sargon of Akkad enlarged the scale by conquering the Sumerian city-states and parts of Syria, Anatolia, and Elam.
Mar 24, 2013 · The concept of the axial age, initially proposed by the philosopher Karl Jaspers to refer to a period in the first millennium BCE that saw the rise of major religious and philosophical figures and ideas throughout Eurasia, has gained an established position in a number of fields, including historical sociology, cultural sociology, and the sociology of religion. We explore whether the notion of ...
- John D. Boy, John Torpey
- 2013
Between the 3rd and 2nd Millennia BC: 1–11 Archaeopress 2021. Introduction. It is generally agreed that during the 3rd millennium BC (Chalcolithic) and the 2nd millennium BC (Bronze Age) complex transformations of the social dynamics within the diverse communities inhabiting the different regions of Europe occurred.
History of humanity: scientific and cultural development, v. II: From the third millennium to the seventh century B.C.
