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The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an order of arachnids colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, or daddy longlegs. According to the most updated count, over 6,660 species of harvestmen have been discovered worldwide, although the total number of extant species may exceed 10,000. The order Opiliones includes four extant suborders ...
Nov 17, 2023 · Explanation of Names. Opiliones Sundevall 1833. The common "Harvestman" name is because they are frequently encountered under trees during the harvest season. ( 1) Numbers. >6600 species worldwide arranged into ~45 families of 4 suborders (of which Laniatores is by far the largest, with >4100 species) ( 2)( 3)( 4) Size.
Bishop, S. C. 1949. The Phalangida (Opiliones) of New York, with special reference to the species of the Edmund Niles Huyck Preserve, Rensselaerville, New York. Rochester Academy of Science. Proceedings 9: 159–235. Clingenpeel, L. W. and A. L. Edgar. 1966. Certain ecological aspects of Phalangium opilio (Arthropoda: Opiliones). Papers of the ...
- Behavior, Diet, and Reproduction
- Endangered Status
- Misconception
- Research
- Phylogeny and Systematics
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Many species of harvestmen are omnivorous, eating primarily small insects and all kinds of plant material and fungi; some are scavengers, feeding upon dead organisms, bird dung, and other fecal material. This broad range is quite unusual in arachnids, which are usually pure predators. Most hunting harvestmen ambush their prey, although active hunti...
Some troglobitic (cave dwelling) Opiliones are considered endangered if their home caves are in or near cities where pollution and development of the land can alter the cave habitat. Others species are threatened by the invasion of non-native fire ants. All troglobitic species (of all animal taxa) are considered to be at least threatened in Brazil....
An urban legend claims that the harvestman is the most venomousanimal in the world, but possesses fangs too short or a mouth too round and small to bite a human and therefore is not dangerous (Crawford 2005). (The same myth applies to the cellar spider, which is also called a daddy longlegs.) This is untrue on several counts. None of the known spec...
Harvestmen are a scientifically much neglected group. Description of new taxa has always been dependent on the activity of a few dedicated taxonomists. Carl Friedrich Roewer described about a third (2,260) of today's known species from the 1910s to the 1950s, and published the landmark systematic work Die Weberknechte der Erde (Harvestmen of the Wo...
Harvestmen are very old arachnids. Fossils from the Devonian, 400 million years ago, already show characteristics like tracheae and sexual organs, proving that the group has lived on land since that time. They are probably closely related to the scorpions, pseudoscorpions, and solifuges; these four orders form the clade Domopod. The Opiliones have ...
Crawford, R. 2005. Just plain weird stories: Daddy-longlegs. The Spider Myths Site.Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. Retrieved December 7, 2008.Giribet, G., and A. B. Kury. 2007. Phylogeny and biogeography. In R. Pinto-da-Rocha, G. Machado, and G. Giribet (eds.), Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones. Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674023439.Hallan, J. 2005. Synopsis of the described opiliones of the world. Biology Catalog. Texas A & M University. Retrieved December 7, 2008.Opiliones Internet Discussion Group (OIDG). 2005. Answers to commons questions about harvestmen. Arachnology Home Page. Retrieved December 7, 2008.All links retrieved December 21, 2018. 1. Harvestman: Order OpilionesDiagnostic photographs and information on North American harvestmen 2. Harvestman: Order OpilionesDiagnostic photographs and information on European harvestmen 3. University of Aberdeen: The Rhynie Chert Harvestmen(fossils) 4. National Museum page Classification of OpilionesA syno...
Mar 6, 2024 · The detailed map shows the US state of New York with boundaries, the location of the state capital Albany, major cities and populated places, rivers and lakes, interstate highways, principal highways, railroads and major airports.
Jun 10, 2009 · Phalangida includes three of the four suborders of Opiliones (Arachnida): Eupnoi, Dyspnoi and Laniatores. We review the literature on the sensory structures and capabilities of Phalangida, provide new morphological data for 18 species and discuss the 11 sensory structures that have been described in the group.
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New Phalangodidae (Phalangida) from the United States. American Museum Novitates, New York, 1188: 1-18. Hedin M and S Thomas. 2010. Molecular systematics of eastern ...
