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St. Bernard of Clairvaux
- St. Bernard of Clairvaux (born 1090, probably Fontaine-les-Dijon, near Dijon, Burgundy [France]—died August 20, 1153, Clairvaux, Champagne; canonized January 18, 1174; feast day August 20) was a Cistercian monk and mystic, founder and abbot of the abbey of Clairvaux and one of the most influential churchmen of his time.
www.britannica.com › biography › Saint-Bernard-of-ClairvauxSaint Bernard of Clairvaux | Biography, Cistercian, Legacy ...
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Cistercian, member of a Roman Catholic monastic order founded in 1098 and named after the original establishment at Citeaux (Latin: Cistercium), near Dijon, France. The order’s founders were a group of Benedictine monks who desired to live under the strictest interpretation of the Rule of St. Benedict.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Cistercians emphasised the individual relationship with God. Pastoral care for the laity was not their responsibility. Rather, they saw the Church as a moral body, with different groups responsible for different concerns.5 Unlike the great pilgrimage cathedrals of the age, therefore, the Cistercian monasteries did not, in general, attempt to
- The End of The World
- The Pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela
- Why Make A Pilgrimage?
- The Cult of The Relic
- Accommodating Crowds
- Thick Walls, Small Windows
Y2K. The Rapture. 2012. For over a decade, speculation about the end of the world has run rampant—all in conjunction with the arrival of the new millennium. The same was true for our religious European counterparts who, prior to the year 1000, believed the Second Coming of Christ was imminent, and the end was nigh. When the apocalypse failed to mat...
For the average European in the 12th Century, a pilgrimage to the Holy Land of Jerusalem was out of the question—travel to the Middle East was too far, too dangerous and too expensive. Santiago de Compostela in Spain offered a much more convenient option. To this day, hundreds of thousands of faithful travel the “Way of Saint James” to the Spanish ...
A pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela was an expression of Christian devotion and it was believed that it could purify the soul and perhaps even produce miraculous healing benefits. A criminal could travel the “Way of Saint James” as an act penance. For the everyday person, a pilgrimage was also one of the only opportunities to travel and see some...
Pilgrimage churches can be seen in part as popular desinations, a spiritual tourism of sorts for medieval travelers. Guidebooks, badges and various souvenirs were sold. Pilgrims, though traveling light, would spend money in the towns that possessed important sacred relics. The cult of relic was at its peak during the Romanesque period (c. 1000 – 12...
Pilgrimage churches were constructed with some special features to make them particularly accessible to visitors. The goal was to get large numbers of people to the relics and out again without disturbing the Mass in the center of the church. A large portal that could accommodate the pious throngs was a prerequisite. Generally, these portals would ...
Romanesque churches were dark. This was in large part because of the use of stone barrel-vault construction. This system provided excellent acoustics and reduced fire danger. However, a barrel vault exerts continuous lateral (outward pressure) all along the walls that support the vault. This meant the outer walls of the church had to be extra thick...
Thomas Becket was an English archbishop and martyr, famously murdered by knights of Henry II at Canterbury Cathedral. After his death, his tomb and relics became a focus for pilgrimage and he was made a saint.
History Foundation An illumination of Stephen Harding (right) presenting a model of his church to the Blessed Virgin Mary (Municipal Library, Dijon). Cîteaux, c. 1125. At this period Cistercian illumination was the most advanced in France, but within 25 years it was abandoned altogether under the influence of Bernard of Clairvaux.
Bernard of Clairvaux, O. Cist. ( Latin: Bernardus Claraevallensis; 1090 – 20 August 1153), venerated as Saint Bernard, was an abbot, mystic, co-founder of the Knights Templar, [a] and a major leader in the reformation of the Benedictine Order through the nascent Cistercian Order .
Abstract. This essay explores the ongoing debates about the character of early Cistercian monasticism, the dating of early Cistercian documents, and assumptions about the Cistercians’ place in eleventh- and twelfth-century monastic “reform.”. It analyzes the Cistercians’ narratives of their foundation in relation to particular moments ...
