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Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like What occurs during viral uncoating?, Enveloped viruses have a layer of lipids surrounding their capsid. This envelope is made mostly of host cell membrane.
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The natural habitat of a pathogen is referred to as its A) home B) reservoir C) primary inhabitance D) infectious site E) place, The number of people in a defined population who die during a given period is called the A) mortality rate B) morbidity rate C) attack rate D) incidence ...
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, the first to develop a taxonomic system for classifying organisms, Leeuwenhoek's discoveries were named and classified by and more.
Canterbury Catherdral, one of the oldest and most historic Christian sturctues in England, mother church of the Anglican Communion, and seat of the archbishop of Canterbury, orginially established by St. Augustine of Canterbury, in Canterbury, Kent, England.
- Discovery of Microbes and The Dawn of Microbiology
- The Discovery Era
- Transition Period
- The Golden Age
- Development in Medicine and Surgery
- Development of Vaccines
- Development of Chemotherapeutics, Antitoxins and Antibiotics
- In 20th Century: Era of Molecular Biology
- Louis Pasteur
- Robert Koch
Microbiology is the study of living organisms of microscopic size.The term microbiology was given by French chemist Louis Pasteur (1822-95).Microbiology is said to have its roots in the great expansion and development of the biological sciences that took place after 1850.The term microbe was first used by Sedillot (1878).Robert Hooke, a 17th-century English scientist, was the first to use a lens to observe the smallest unit of tissues he called “cells.” Soon after, the Dutch amateur biologist Anton van Leeuwenhoeko...Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)of Delft, Holland (Netherland) was the first person to observe and accurately describe microorganisms (bacteria and protozoa) called ‘animalcules’ (little animals...Actually he was a Dutch linen merchant but spent much of his spare time constructing simple microscopes composed of double convex lenses held between two silver plates. He constructed over 250 smal...Leeuwenhoek was the first person to produce precise and correct descriptions of bacteria and protozoa using a microscope he made himself. Because of this extraordinary contribution to microbiology,...When microorganisms were known to exist, most scientists believed that such simple life forms could surely arise through spontaneous generation. That is to say life was thought to spring spontaneou...
The Golden age of microbiology began with the work of Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch who had their own research institute. More important there was an acceptance of their work by the scientific community throughout the world and a willingness to continue and expand the work. During this period, we see the real beginning of microbiology as a discipli...
Once scientists knew that microbes caused disease, it was only a matter of time before medical practices improved dramatically. Surgery used to be as dangerous as not doing anything at all, but onc...Lord Joseph Lister (1827-1912): A famous English surgeon is known for his notable contribution to the antiseptic treatment for the prevention and cure of wound infections. Lister concluded that wou...Vaccination was discovered before germ theory, but it wasn’t fully understood until the time of Pasteur. In the late 18th century, milkmaids who contracted the nonlethal cowpox sickness from the co...Edward Jenner (1749-1823) an English physician was the first to prevent small pox. He was impressed by the observation that countryside milk maid who contacted cowpox (Cowpox is a milder disease ca...Jenner’s experimental significance was realized by Pasteur who next applied this principle to the prevention of anthrax and it worked. He called the attenuated cultures vaccines (Vacca = cow) and t...Elie Metchnikoff (1845-1916)proposed the phagocytic theory of immunity in 1883. He discovered that some blood leukocytes, white blood cells (WBC) protect against disease by engulfing disease causin...Emile Roux (1853-1933) and Alexandre Yersin,the two notable French bacteriologists demonstrated the production of toxin in filtrates of broth cultures of the diphtheria organism. Emil von Behring (...Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915)in 1904 found that the dye Trypan Red was active against the trypanosome that causes African sleeping sickness and could be used therapeutically. This dye with antimicrobial...Gerhard Domagkof Germany in 1935 experimented with numerous synthetic dyes and reported that Prontosil, a red dye used for staining leather, was active against pathogenic, Streptococci and Staphylo...The credit for the discovery of this first ‘wonder drug’ penicillin in 1929 goes to Sir Alexander Flemingof England, a Scottish physician and bacteriologist. Fleming had been actually interested in...By the end of 1900, science of microbiology grew up to the adolescence stage and had come to its own as a branch of the more inclusive field of biology.In the later years the microorganism were picked up as ideal tools to study various life processes and thus an independent discipline of microbiology, molecular biology was born.The relative simplicity of the microorganism, their short life span and the genetic homogeneity provided an authentic simulated model to understand the physiological, biochemical and genetical intr...The field of molecular biology made great strides in understanding the genetic code, how DNA is regulated, and how RNA is translated into proteins. Until this point, research was focused mainly on...Louis Pasteur is known as the “Father of Modern Microbiology / Father of Bacteriology.He has many contributions to microbiology: 1. He has proposed the principles of fermentation for the preservation of food. 2. He introduced sterilization techniques and developed steam sterilizers, hot air oven, and autoclave. 3. He described the method of pasteur...
Robert Koch provided remarkable contributions to the field of microbiology: 1. He used solid media for the culture of bacteria-Eilshemius Hesse, the wife of Walther Hesse, one of Koch’s assistants had suggested the use of agar as a solidifying agent. 2. He also introduced methods for isolation of bacteria in pure culture. 3. Described the hanging d...
Canterbury, Historic city and administrative district (pop., 2011: 151,145), southeastern England. Located on the River Great Stour, the site has been occupied since pre-Roman times; the Roman town of Durovernum Cantiacorum was established after Claudius invaded Britain in 43 ce .
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Canterbury has been a European pilgrimage site of major importance for over 800 years since the assassination of Archbishop Thomas Becket in 1170. Today it is one of the most beautiful and historic cities in England.
