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Legal status. Wikimedia Deutschland was founded on June 13, 2004 [4] by 34 Wikipedians, and entered into the national register of associations on October 25, 2004 under the number 23855 Nz in the district court of Berlin-Charlottenburg.
Mar 10, 2024 · Founded on June 13, 2004 in Berlin, it was the first chapter to be created. As of May 2022, Wikimedia Deutschland has over 100,000 members. Jimmy Wales is an honorary member of the association.
Weimar Germany after World War One went through one of the worst hyperinflations in history, unleashing untold horrors on the German people and their economy.
Feb 13, 2024 · Prominent milestones/events. first meetup in Munich on 28th October 2003 in Munich. 100.000 articles in June 2004 on the very same "Wikipedia day" when Jimmy Wales was in Berlin and the German association "Wikimedia Germany" was founded. first Wikipedia CD October 2004 published by en:Directmedia_Publishing.
- Kapos: Perverse Products of A Sadistic System
- “Worse Than The Germans”
- Kapos and Sexual Abuse in The Concentration Camps
- The Case of The Kapo Eliezer Gruenbaum
- Liberation Day
- What Did Eliezer Gruenbaum do?
- Hope Is Like Opium
- Finding A New and Final Homeland
- Contemplating Kapos’ Complicated Legacy
Under a system devised by Theodor Eicke, a brigadier general in the SS, kapos were the Nazis’ way of keeping costs down and outsourcing some of their least desirable work. The underlying threat of violence from both the SS above them and angry prisoners below brought out the worst in the kapos, and thus the Nazis found a way to get their inmates to...
There were three main types of kapos: work supervisors, who went with prisoners to their fields, factories, and quarries; block supervisors, who watched over the prisoners’ barracks at night; and camp supervisors, who oversaw things like camp kitchens. At the death camps, there were also sonderkommandoswho dealt with the dead, removing corpses from...
Kaposplayed an integral role in the Nazis’ scheme to not only beat, kill, and psychologically abuse prisoners — but to sexually abuse them as well. The Nazis set up brothels in several concentration camps and filled them with non-Jewish female prisoners. The hope was that a visit to the brothel would boost prisoners’ productivity (and “cure” homose...
The case of Eliezer Gruenbaum — a kapo for about a year and a half in the Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration camp in southern Poland — may not necessarily be representative of all kapos’ experiences. But among the numerous firsthand accounts by Holocaust survivors, Gruenbaum’s memoirs are the only ones written by a former kapo. His writings — as w...
After American troops liberated Buchenwald, the first thing Eliezer Gruenbaum wanted to do was go home to Poland. Under the conditions of the 1945 Yalta Conference, Poland was given over to a provisional communist party run from Moscow. Though many Polish nationalists felt betrayed by the allies’ decision to ignore Poland’s non-communist government...
The accusations against Gruenbaum presented in Paris were explicit and grotesque. By these accounts, Gruenbaum was not a good communist biding his time in a bad situation. He was a monster. Gruenbaum was said to have kicked an old man to death for asking for more soup. Another accuser said the former kapohad beaten his son to death with a stick. So...
One observation Gruenbaum made while a kapowouldn’t stop bothering him. The inmates outnumbered SS officers and other authorities at Auschwitz by a considerable margin. Especially early on, before there were as many sick and starving in the population, if the prisoners had risen up, they could have changed their situation for the better. So why did...
After eight months, the French court ruled that Gruenbaum’s case was beyond its jurisdiction. Similarly, the Polish Communist Party was unable to confirm the accounts of misbehavior on Gruenbaum’s part but refused to offer him membership. Realizing that he had no more connection to the radical communities to which he’d devoted himself and that life...
We may never know the truth of all the accusations against Eliezer Gruenbaum, or why, as he and his father claimed, camp survivors who knew him would make up such terrible stories if he were indeed innocent. But when it comes to the Second World War, and the Holocaustin general, there are far more uncomfortable questions than satisfying answers. Gr...
- Andrew Lenoir
The Nazi book burnings were a campaign conducted by the German Student Union (German: Deutsche Studentenschaft, DSt) to ceremonially burn books in Nazi Germany and Austria in the 1930s. The books targeted for burning were those viewed as being subversive or as representing ideologies opposed to Nazism .
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Wilhelm II [b] (Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert; 27 January 1859 – 4 June 1941) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia from 1888 until his abdication in 1918, which marked the end of the German Empire and the House of Hohenzollern 's 300-year reign in Prussia and 500-year reign in Brandenburg . Born during the reign of his granduncle ...
