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Sighnaq ( Turki / Kypchak: سغناق ; Kazakh: Сығанақ, romanized: Syğanaq) was an ancient city in Central Asia (in modern Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda Region ). It was the capital of the Blue Horde (i.e., the White Horde of Persian sources), although the city is almost unknown. The region in which Sighnaq was situated was called Farab.
The objective of the Golden Horde in conquered lands revolved around obtaining recruits for the army and exacting tax payments from its subjects. In most cases the Golden Horde did not implement direct control over the people they conquered. Influence. For three centuries, Mongol (or Tatar) presence was an undeniable fact for Russians.
Ancient City of Sighnaq. Today it is an open-air museum that attracts travelers from all over the world and introduces them to Kazakh historical and cultural heritage. Sighnaq (also known as Syganak) is a major historical landmark of Kazakhstan. It is included in the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites. The city was first mentioned in ...
Apr 1, 2019 · the ownership of Sighnaq and soundly defeated the Timurid army led by T emür’s grand son Ulugh Beg. After the death of Barāq Khan, Abū al-Khair Khan (r . 1428–1468), a de
- Ancestry
- Opposition to Urus Khan
- Rise to Power
- Campaign Against Moscow
- Later Relations with The Russian Principalities
- Initial Conflict with Timur
- First Timurid Invasion Into The Golden Horde and Its Aftermath
- Second Timurid Invasion Into The Golden Horde and Its Aftermath
- Exile
- Death
According to the detailed genealogies of the Muʿizz al-ansāb and the Tawārīḫ-i guzīdah-i nuṣrat-nāmah, Tokhtamysh was a descendant of Tuqa-Timur, the thirteenth son of Jochi, the eldest son of Chinggis Khan. They provide the following ancestry: Tūqtāmīsh, son of Tuy-Khwāja, the son of Qutluq-Khwāja, the son of Kuyunchak, the son of Sārīcha, the son...
Tokhtamysh's father, Tuy Khwāja, was the local ruler of the Mangyshlak peninsula. He refused to join the forces of his cousin and suzerain, Urus, the khan of the former Ulus of Orda centered on Sighnaq, for a campaign to subdue Sarai, the traditional capital of the Golden Horde. Offended and wary of any opposition to his authority, Urus had Tuy Khw...
Urus was succeeded as khan by his son Toqtaqiya, who died after two months, and then by his other son, Tīmūr Malik. As before, Tokhtamysh had little luck fighting against a son of Urus, and he was easily defeated by Tīmūr Malik. Tokhtamysh fled to Timur's court once again. Hearing that Tīmūr Malik spends his time in drinking and pleasures and ignor...
Encouraged by his success, as well as the growth of his manpower and wealth, Tokhtamysh next turned to the Russian principalities, although he did not necessarily seek a conflict from the start. Similarly, the Grand Prince of Vladimir-Suzdal, Dmitry Donskoy had recently defeated Mamai at great cost at Kulikovo, and was not looking for a confrontati...
After the submission of the Russian princes and the resumption of their tribute, Tokhtamysh adopted more conciliatory policies toward them. Dmitrij of Moscow razed Rjazan' in vengeance for Oleg Ivanovič's collaboration with Tokhtamysh against Moscow, but suffered no punishment for it. Mihail Aleksandrovič of Tver' was invested as Grand Prince of Vl...
In 1383, taking advantage of Timur's preoccupation with affairs in Persia, Tokhtamysh restored the Golden Horde's authority over the semi-autonomous Ṣūfī Dynasty in Khwarazm, apparently without provoking his former patron. Under pressure from his emirs to provide profitable campaigns for plunder and perhaps possessed by the traditional ambitions of...
Timur determined to take the initiative and strike decisively into Tokhtamysh's core territories. Gathering a large army, he set out in February 1391 from Tashkent, ignored Tokhtamysh's envoys seeking peace, and struck into the territories of the former Ulus of Orda. But for four months of traveling and hunting, Timur failed to catch up with Tokhta...
Timur now determined that a second campaign into the Golden Horde was necessary. After some diplomatic dissimulation on both sides, Timur set out with a great army towards Derbent in March 1395. After crossing the pass, Timur's army ravaged the area up to the Terek, where it encountered the forces of Tokhtamysh. After Timur's troops destroyed Tokht...
Tīmūr Qutluq sent an envoy to demand Tokhtamysh's extradition from Lithuania, but received an ominous answer from Vytautas: "I will not give up Tsar Tokhtamysh, but wish to meet Tsar Temir-Kutlu in person." Vytautas and Tokhtamysh prepared their Lithuanian and Mongol forces for a joint campaign, supported by Polish volunteers under Spytek of Melszt...
Reduced to the position of an adventurer, Tokhtamysh made his way across the territory of the Golden Horde to its peripheral Siberian possessions. Here he succeeded in bringing parts of the area under his control in 1400, and by 1405 was attempting to ingratiate himself with his protector-turned-enemy, Timur, who had just quarreled with Edigu. Timu...
- Tuy Khwāja
- 1379–1380
- Kutan-Kunchek
- Sunni Islam
Apr 3, 2024 · Sighnaq (Turki/Kypchak: سغناق ; Kazakh: Сығанақ, romanized: Syğanaq) was an ancient city in Central Asia (in modern Kazakhstan, Kyzylorda Region). It was the capital of the Blue Horde (i.e., the White Horde of Persian sources), although the city is almost unknown. The region in which Sighnaq was situated was called Farab.
Sep 29, 2020 · The city of Syganak was recognized as one of the major political centers in the middle reaches of Syrdarya in the 11th and 16th centuries. The city was one of the main centers of the Kypchak ...
