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Offspring of Lugalbanda, Gilgamesh is strong to perfection, son of the august cow, Rimat-Ninsun;... Gilgamesh is awesome to perfection. It was he who opened the mountain passes, who dug wells on the flank of the mountain. It was he who crossed the ocean, the vast seas, to the rising sun, who explored the world regions, seeking life.
- Background
- The Matter of Aratta
- Conclusion
The Uruk Period, which saw the foundation and growth of cities throughout Mesopotamia, was followed by the Early Dynastic Period (2900-2334 BCE) during which Sumerian culture flourished. The city-states were then conquered by Sargon of Akkad (Sargon the Great, r. 2334-2279 BCE) and absorbed into his Akkadian Empire which fell to the Gutians in 2218...
Aratta is depicted in several Sumerian poems, pre-dating theMatter of Aratta, as a city of fabulous wealth which lay far beyond the boundaries of Sumer. Modern-day scholars tend to place it somewhere in ancient Elam, past Susa (in modern Iran). In the poems of the Matter of Aratta, it can only be reached by traversing over seven mountains and is a ...
Lugalbanda is best known today as the father of the hero Gilgamesh and husband of the goddess Ninsun from The Epic of Gilgamesh. In that story, Gilgamesh begins as a proud and haughty king who must learn humility through the loss of his friend Enkidu, but, in these tales, Lugalbanda is depicted from the beginning as a devout servant of the gods who...
- Joshua J. Mark
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He walks out in front, the leader, and walks at the rear, trusted by his companions. Mighty net, protector of his people, raging flood-‐wave who destroys even walls of stone! Offspring of Lugalbanda, Gilgamesh is strong to perfection, son of the august cow, Rimat-‐Ninsun;...
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Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta is a legendary Sumerian account, preserved in early post-Sumerian copies, composed in the Neo-Sumerian period (ca. 21st century BC). It is one of a series of accounts describing the conflicts between Enmerkar , king of Unug-Kulaba , and the unnamed king of Aratta .
Despite his proclaimed divine descent from the poems, Enmerkar was not deified as his successors Lugalbanda and Gilgamesh. These two last kings were already listed in the god lists of Shuruppak and received offerings during the Ur III period (2112-2004 BC).
of these revolve about the hero Enmerkar; others about the hero Lugalbanda, al-thouXh in one of theset Snm,ersiart toot plays a s.ifinificant role; five center about the most famous of the three heroes, Gilgamesh, The contents ot' the f'irst f'our of these poems are tentatively sketched .in Proceedings of the Xmerican Phi lvosophicalz
Enmerkar is the ideal ruler representing the state of Unug and its supremacy from the beginning; Lugalbanda becomes the saintly savior who enables Enmerkar to fulfill this role. On the other hand, the Gilgamesh stories taken as a whole could be read as treating the king’s development into an ideal ruler.
