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  1. Jun 4, 2024 · Through years of studying emotions, American psychologist Dr. Robert Plutchik proposed that there are eight primary emotions that serve as the foundation for all others: joy, sadness, acceptance, disgust, fear, anger, surprise, and anticipation.

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  3. Mar 13, 2022 · Psychologist Robert Plutchik created the Plutchik Model shown above. It shows there are 8 basic emotions: joy, trust, fear, surprise, sadness, anticipation, anger, and disgust. Plutchik’s wheel of emotions organizes these 8 basic emotions based on the physiological purpose of each.

    • Joy. Joy is defined as a state of satisfaction and well-being, both with oneself and with the circumstances in which one lives. It can be subtle, like serenity, or intense, like ecstasy.
    • Trust. Trust is a subjective position in which one has the conviction that there will be no harm or damage in a certain situation or in the face of one’s own action.
    • Fear. Plutchik defines fear as an unpleasant uncertainty, which is born from expectations associated with damage or evil to come. It’s related to danger and threat.
    • Surprise. Surprise is the reaction to what’s unpredictable in the environment. It’s classified as a neutral emotion and can alternate between distraction and wonder.
  4. Plutchik first proposed his cone-shaped model (3D) or the wheel model (2D) in 1980 to describe how emotions were related. He suggested 8 primary bipolar emotions: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation.

  5. Sep 11, 2023 · The Emotion Wheel was created by Robert Plutchik to help patients identify and describe the 8 core emotions: Joy, Sadness, Fear, Anger, Anticipation, Surprise, Disgust, and Trust. It was part of his overarching Psychoevolutionary Theory of Emotion.

  6. Sep 30, 2020 · Psychologist Robert Plutchik developed one of the most popular emotion wheels, known as the Plutchik wheel. He suggested that people experience eight core emotions, which he arranged in opposite...

  7. May 23, 2021 · Psychologist Robert Plutchik, Ph.D., created one of the most popular versions of the emotion wheel, a flower-shaped diagram to visually illustrate our emotions and their various, adjacent relationships to each other.

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